In a dream, in a vision of the night, when deep sleep falls on men, while they slumber on their beds,
Elihu has just told Job that God speaks once and twice, and man does not notice. This verse names the first of those quiet channels: the night, sleep, a dream.
Why Elihu raises it
Elihu names Job's real problem: he argued with God instead of asking Him anything.
William KellyNot only was Job judging God, but he was also not subject to Him. There was a lack of submission in his heart. If God was dealing with him, why did he not ask Him, instead of murmuring?
Why God chooses the night
God chooses the setting. Daylight lets a person stay busy; sleep does not.
Leslie M. GrantSince God is invisible, He speaks to man in ways that do not show Him personally, but ways that awaken man's serious attention... Though man may not perceive that it is God speaking to him, yet often God does so "in a dream, in a vision of the night, when deep sleep falls on men." At such a time God has a captive audience, whether man wants to listen or not. God spoke to Pilate's wife this way (Matthew 27:19), though sadly Pilate did not act on her advice. He had already trapped himself by his weak indecision.
Another writer applies this to nights when sleep will not come:
Truth & TestimonyWhen all is quiet at last, God can speak... So insomnia, or sleeplessness, can sometimes be a hidden blessing. It is always a good habit, when we cannot sleep, to praise and pray.
The word behind "deep sleep"
One writer traces the Hebrew word behind it across Scripture:
The Bible TreasuryThe word for deep sleep, tardemah, is never used of natural sleep. It is used of sleep that is either supernatural, sent for a special purpose (Gen. 2:21; Gen. 15:12; Job 4:13; Job 33:15), or spiritual, part of God's dealings in governing man (Prov. 19:15; Isa. 29:10).
What the dream is for
Verse 15 runs straight on into verse 16. Elihu says what God is after when He sends a dream.
Samuel RidoutWhen the light of nature is withdrawn, when all is silent, He speaks in "a still small voice" and makes known His mind. So instruction is sealed on the heart of man. His purpose is to correct wrong thoughts and actions, to withdraw man from "mischief," or his purpose, and to hide pride from man (geber, the hero or mighty man). This goes deeper than action, for pride lurks in the heart, and God would hide it from man — hinder its control over him.
That gives a test for any dream:
Leslie M. GrantIf a dream is a warning against what I may be inclined to do, or if it humbles me, then I should take it to heart.
The first stroke of the plough
In the chapter as a whole, the night dream is only the opening move. The sequence runs on to the ransom of verse 24.
The Bible TreasuryVerses 15-22. He shows God using the plough — of a dream, of a striking providence, of bodily pain or sickness — to break up such fallow ground. And such is the work to this day... Verses 23-24. The sower comes after the ploughman. The seed is the Gospel. God provides the ransom and brings deliverance to the sinner.
The plough first works on someone who does not yet know God:
William KellyHe begins with the first work of God in the man who does not know Him. It is grace working to awaken an unconverted soul... It is exactly what marks divine mercy in appealing to the unconverted man. He is carried away by his own will. But God knows how to bend or break it.
Dreams and the written word
Commentators differ. One holds that the need for dreams has passed:
Samuel RidoutThe same truth is in even fuller force now, for we do not need a revelation by dreams and visions, but have it in the written word of God. He who spoke in many ways (dreams among the rest) has now given us the full revelation of Himself in His Son.
Another says such nudges still come, but rank below Scripture:
William KellyI think I have been aware of God whispering little things to me about myself. He advised me to be careful about what I was doing. He made me judge myself in a way I had not done before... The great point is that it is altogether inferior to the word. This is where we have our great advantage.
Summary
- Speaks. God is not silent, as Job charged. He speaks once and twice, and man fails to perceive it.
- Sleeps. He picks the hour when no one can escape Him. The "deep sleep" here is not ordinary rest, but sleep sent for a special purpose.
- Opens. The dream opens the ear. It pulls a man back from what he planned, and reaches the pride hidden in the heart, not just the wrong action.
- Ploughs. Dream, providence and sickness are the plough that breaks hard ground. Then the sower comes with the gospel and the ransom of verse 24.
- Speaks again. God has now spoken in His Son, so the written word is the surer voice. Some writers hold dreams are no longer needed. Others say they still come, but always rank below Scripture.