What does the Bible say about homosexuality?
Scripture touches this subject in law, in narrative, in the apostles' teaching, and in one line of hope. Commentators read these passages together as a single movement: God's order in creation, its violation, His judgment, and then His grace toward people who once lived that way.
God's Order in Creation
The law's ban in Leviticus 18:22 is read as protecting something God had already given. One writer sets the prohibition against the design it violates:
L. M. GrantGod has provided the honourable institution of the marriage of a man and woman, yet people dare to abuse the very best that God has given, because of utter selfishness. We know too that such things bring painful repercussions (Rom. 1:26-27). God is not mocked. People may feel they get away with evildoing, but whatever one sows he will also reap (Gal. 6:7).
Another commentator draws out why a chapter of such rules stands in a book about holiness, and why grace does not cancel it:
William KellyIn Leviticus 18 the people being treated now as a holy people, everything that was contrary to the order of God in nature is here strictly and solemnly prohibited. It is important to hold the same principle always. God does not absolve from that which offends His natural order. Grace may bring us into a higher place, where we do not use our liberty as to nature; but God habitually maintains His own order there; and so should we.
Leviticus 20:13 attaches a penalty. Commentators note it was the same one given for incest: "Those guilty of homosexual relations incurred the same penalty."
Sodom and the Cities of the Plain
In Genesis 19 two angelic visitors are surrounded by a mob. One writer describes what the whole town revealed that night, and how badly Lot handled it:
William KellyTheir visit gives occasion to the open and unnatural depravity of the inhabitants, "both old and young, all the people from every quarter." They foam out their shame shamelessly. Lot goes forth to plead for his guests, to remonstrate with his fellow-townsmen (sadly, he calls them "brothers"), and offers his two daughters. For he has lost the simplicity of faith, and, instead of looking only to the Lord in this scene of difficulty and danger and surrounding wickedness, he chooses in worldly wisdom what he thought was the lesser of two evils.
The fire that fell is treated as more than local history. It is called a preview:
F. B. HoleThe miracle consisted in fire from the Lord out of heaven starting the mighty conflagration and eruptions that blasted these four cities out of existence, and left their sites to this day as "an example to those who were later to live ungodly lives" (2 Peter 2:6). The thought of the evil and its judgment has persisted, for the word "sodomy" is found in our language as describing sin of a specially vile and unnatural sort. This judgment, moreover, was a sample of what is yet to come on a much greater scale in "the day of judgment and destruction of the ungodly" (2 Peter 3:7).
Jude 7 adds the phrase "eternal fire," and a commentator on Jude ties Sodom's ruin to the created order it broke:
Edwin N. CrossSexual perversion marked them, going contrary to creation's order, whether with men or angels… The plain lesson that we must learn is that the destruction of the cities because of their vice serves as a vivid example of those who undergo the judgment of eternal fire because of such sins.
Romans 1 — Abandonment as Judgment
Paul's argument in Romans 1 begins not with sex but with the refusal to honour God. The three repetitions of "God gave them up" are read as the sentence itself, not merely the background to it:
F. B. HoleThree times over we get the phrase (with slight variations) "God gave them up to…" If men object to thinking of God and give Him up, they have no ground of complaint when He gives them up. And if they give up God, and so give up good, they naturally find themselves given up to everything that is evil and degrading. There is an ironic justice about God's government.
One commentator notices Paul's choice of words in verses 26–27 — not "men and women" but "males" and "females":
William KellyThe apostle does not deign to describe them (though they were the greatest and highest — sages of earth, monarchs, conquerors, poets, philosophers, and what not) as men and women, but as "females" and "males," marked by ways below the animals, given up by God, and even now enduring the fitting reward of their deeds.
The Warning and the Way Out
First Corinthians 6:9–10 places this sin in a list — alongside theft, greed, drunkenness and slander — of things that shut a person out of God's kingdom. The warning is not softened, but neither is it the last word:
James BoydLet all who read these lines beware… I say to every soul, whoever he may be, if any of these wickednesses characterise you, and you die as you have lived, not the loss of the kingdom only, but the loss of your soul for all eternity, shall be your unspeakably miserable reward… How good it is to know that even should you find yourself in this catalogue of sinners, there is in this day of grace the assurance for the penitent that "all sins will be forgiven the children of man, and whatever blasphemies they utter."
Verse 11 turns the list into a past tense. One writer lingers on how much that short clause carries:
W. T. P. Wolston"And such were some of you." It does not say that they had all been this. But some of us are convicted. "And such were some of you: but you were washed." Is that not lovely, after this whole terrible list of sins? "But you were sanctified, but you were justified in the name of the Lord Jesus and by the Spirit of our God."
(Older translations render the terms in verse 9 as "effeminate" and "abusers of themselves with mankind"; the ESV reads "men who practice homosexuality.")
Summary
- Order. God gave marriage of a man and a woman as an honourable institution; Leviticus forbids what offends that order, and He "does not absolve from that which offends His natural order."
- Exchange. Romans 1 traces the descent from refusing to honour God down to what is "contrary to nature" — the sin follows the exchange, it does not start it.
- Abandonment. The judgment named in Romans 1 is God giving people up: reject Him, and you are handed over to what you chose.
- Example. Sodom's ruin was left visible on purpose — "a sample of what is yet to come," and Jude calls that fire eternal.
- Washed. The same apostle who bars this sin from the kingdom writes "such were some of you" — washed, sanctified, justified. The list is real; so is the past tense.