“Who has let the wild donkey go free? Who has loosed the bonds of the swift donkey,
Job 39:5 · ESVView all translations

God is questioning Job about the creatures He made. Here He points to an animal nobody owns, turned loose in the wilderness with no driver — and He asks who granted it that freedom.

The Point of the Question

The chapter is often read as a test of Job's knowledge. One writer answers that God, not man, decides how each creature lives.

Clearly the question here is not one of zoological knowledge, but of that kind care which goes with perfect knowledge of every creature. God watched over them all with such care — young and old, beast and bird, even the least familiar or the most out of reach. He did so according to the goodness and wisdom that made them. Was it not for Job, then, to listen and learn, instead of darkening counsel with words without knowledge? And certainly His ways with His people are far deeper than His dealings with the animal realm. Yet even there we see His sovereign disposal everywhere. He, not man, has made them what they are, and ordered their habits and their homes. He has given some animals to carry man's loads. Others He has freed from any such service, like the wild donkey. Its house is the desert and its home the steppe, where a city's noise and a driver's shouts are unknown.

William Kelly

A Creature Beyond Human Reach

So where does an animal like this live, and who feeds it?

The wild donkey is a completely different kind of creature, found mainly in the plains or wilderness. Man just does not control the habits of this animal that is "free as the breeze." Though it lives in "the barren land," God somehow sustains it in finding food. It keeps away from the noise of the city and is not like the tame donkey that must obey the direction of a driver.

Leslie M. Grant

Dependence Underneath the Freedom

A suffering man might envy such freedom. One writer turns that envy into hope.

He is entirely different from the wild goats in ways and habits. But one thing he has in common with them: he is completely dependent on his Creator. What control has Job over a creature like this, who knows no bonds and serves no master? As he thinks of their freedom, Job might sigh under his own burdens. God is able to loosen his bonds. Let him not doubt, but wait on God.

Samuel Ridout

A Mirror Held Up to Man

The verse gives the creature two names, and one reference work reads both as a picture of man — not a flattering one.

The wild donkey is very wild and very swift. It is seldom tamed. It is therefore a fitting emblem of man's natural birth (Job 11:12).

Morrish Bible Dictionary

Another writer turns the picture on the reader.

In the Word of God the donkey is not only presented as unclean; it is also the very synonym for self-will. Read the Lord's account of him in His reasoning with His servant in Job 39:5-8. And what is sin? ... sin is lawlessness. In other words, sin is doing our own will and neglecting the will of God. Who can claim to be exempt here? Who among us does not love to have his own way, whatever it costs?

W. W. Fereday

A Portrait of a Nation

One writer sees a real people in this description: the descendants of Ishmael, Abraham's son by Hagar.

Scripture shows us how God governs the world in providence, apart from His covenant. It does this in the very books that reveal the dealings of His electing grace... No more vivid a sketch was ever drawn than the one given of Ishmael's descendants in the words quoted [Job 39:5-8]. Such exactly are the Bedouins.

William Kelly

Summary

- Question — The "who" in the verse has one answer, and it is not Job; God alone set this creature loose and no man ever tamed it.

- Care — The subject is not animal facts. It is God's kind oversight of creatures too far off for man to notice. Job's part was to listen, not argue.

- Freedom — God gave some animals to carry man's loads. This one He freed from all service. Even wildness is an assignment.

- Mirror — Writers see in this untamed animal a picture of man as he is born. It pictures self-will too, and self-will is sin: doing our own will and neglecting God's.

- Release — The freest creature alive still depends on its Maker. The God who loosed its bonds can loose Job's. So let him wait on God.

Reviewed by Orion on September 12, 2026