among the olive rows of the wicked they make oil; they tread the winepresses, but suffer thirst.
Job is answering his friend Eliphaz. Instead of defending himself, he points at the world around him. Men crush olives and tread grapes for rich owners, and go thirsty while they do it. His question is not about wages. It is about God, who sees all this and has not acted.
The Labor Described
The workers do not own the presses. One commentator, quoting an older translation of the verse, draws out the detail.
William Kelly"Which make oil within their walls." They are employed to produce abundance for others — they make the oil, but they never have a drop of it for themselves — "and tread their wine-presses and suffer thirst." There is no wine for them.
Another commentator puts the wrong in terms of pay.
Leslie M. GrantCruel men would employ them to press out oil and to tread winepresses, yet would not pay them even enough to quench their thirst. Some were groaning in the pangs of death and the souls of the wounded were crying out. "Yet," Job says, "God does not charge them (the oppressors) with wrong" (v.12).
Job's Argument With His Friends
This list of crimes has a target. Job's friends held that suffering proves guilt, so his ruin must prove his sin. He answers by naming wrongdoers everyone could see, who were suffering nothing at all.
Samuel RidoutThe poor are robbed of their very clothes. They work hungry among the sheaves. At the oil press and in the grape harvest they get no share of what they produce. The oppressed groan in the city — and God takes no notice of it! It is an awful picture of facts far too well known to them — and to us. How can Eliphaz fit such facts into his theory that evil is always punished in this life? But, oh, how can God close His eyes to these things, and afflict a faithful man instead of these wrongdoers? This is Job's great trouble, and for this he has found no solution.
Another writer sets the two cases side by side.
Leslie M. GrantThese were evils publicly known to take place. Job's friends did not have any such clear charge to lay against him, but only imagined he must have done wrong. But here were cases of manifest wickedness, and God had not dealt with them as He was dealing with Job.
Why No Answer Comes Yet
Job asks why evil goes unpunished now. One commentator answers by pointing to where God has put judgment, and to why He put it there.
William KellyIt is all reserved for Christ. The Father will not judge any man; that is not what the Father will do. He is showing love because He is a Father, and showing love because He is God; because God is love just as much as He is light. And therefore it is reserved for Christ, and the reason is plain. Christ was the One they hated without the slightest reason, without a cause.
Silence, then, is not indifference. What is not settled now waits for Christ to settle.
The Cry Is Heard
Another writer follows the withheld wage to the One who hears it.
William KellyTheir very wealth tempts the rich to hold back the wages of the poor. Only their own affairs matter to them. They put off to a convenient time the claims of people who live from hand to mouth. But the debt cries aloud to Him who always feels for the poor, as the One who alone made Him fully known showed. Yes, the cries of the reapers may never have reached the rich, but they entered the ears of the Lord of hosts, and His blow would fall when least expected.
What Job Could Not See
Job could describe the poor. He could not know what God would one day do for them.
William KellyWhat a wonderful love this is, shown to the very people who hear the gospel. The gospel was preached to the "poor"; they were the special object of the Lord Jesus. There never was such a thing before, since the world began. Nobody ever made them his grand object, and that for eternity. But Job could not know anything of that.
Summary
- Thirst — They make the oil and tread the presses. They never taste it. Their work fills another man's store.
- Puzzle — Job's friends said suffering proves sin. Yet open oppressors go untouched while a faithful man is crushed. Job finds no solution.
- Delay — God's silence is not approval. What is not settled now is left for Christ, the One hated without cause.
- Cry — The unpaid wage has a voice. It may never reach the rich. It reaches the Lord of hosts, and His blow falls when least expected.
- Gospel — The very people Job saw exploited became the special object of the Lord Jesus. Job could not yet know it.