And the LORD gave Solomon wisdom, as he promised him. And there was peace between Hiram and Solomon, and the two of them made a treaty.
1 Kings 5:12 · ESVView all translations

Solomon and Hiram settle terms for building the temple. Hiram ruled Tyre, a foreign trading city, and this verse links their treaty to a promise God kept: the gift of wisdom.

A treaty, not a conquest

Solomon got what he needed from Hiram by agreement, not by force. One writer sees this friendship as a picture of a coming age of peace:

The friendship between Solomon and Hiram pictures a coming peace. In the millennium, Israel and the Gentile nations will be at peace. Gentiles will come to Israel's light and the wealth of the Gentiles will come to Israel (Isa. 60:3-5). God knew how to make Hiram friendly toward Solomon. He also knows how to turn the hearts of other Gentiles from hostility to friendship toward Israel, and He will do so in the latter days.

Leslie M. Grant

That friendship began before Solomon. Hiram had loved David, and the same willingness carried over to David's son:

Of his own free will he had come to offer his services to Solomon's father, and his carpenters had built him a house (2 Sam. 5:11). The same willing spirit led him to send his servants to David's son because he had always loved his father (v. 1). How could the king of glory fail to welcome him, when he had always loved the king of grace?

H. L. Rossier

Wisdom given as promised

God gave this wisdom in stages, not all at once. One writer matches each stage to the task in front of the king:

"And the LORD gave Solomon wisdom, as He promised him" (v. 12). He had received wisdom (1 Kings 2:6) to purify his kingdom by judgment. Then (1 Kings 3:12) he received it to judge rightly and so govern his people. Then (1 Kings 4:29) he received it to lead and teach the nations, the peoples, and the kings of the earth. Finally, he received wisdom to build the temple, the great work that was to mark his glorious reign.

H. L. Rossier

Solomon had asked for help because the nation was too big for him. The answer came in the same measure as the problem:

Solomon pleaded that Israel was "so great." How could he carry the weight of guiding such a nation? Now compare two verses in 1 Kings 4. Verse 20 says, "Judah and Israel were as many as the sand by the sea." Verse 29 says, "God gave Solomon wisdom and understanding beyond measure, and breadth of mind like the sand on the seashore." Wisdom according to the need!

W. W. Fereday

A foreigner inside the work

A foreign king supplied timber for the house of Israel's God. That broke the earlier pattern. Israelites alone had built the tabernacle, the tent of worship they carried through the desert:

In the wilderness the Lord had chosen Bezalel of Judah and Oholiab of Dan for the work of the tabernacle (Ex. 35:30-35). Then the work of the tabernacle had fallen to the children of Israel alone. The people, entirely separated from the nations, could have no work in common with them. Under Solomon the scene changes: the nations are now reconciled, and they serve God together with His own people.

H. L. Rossier

That welcome reached beyond Hiram:

So Israel's God had Gentiles in mind, to share the blessing of His presence on earth among His people. "For my house shall be called a house of prayer for all peoples" (Isa. 56:7). Just a hint, given in advance, of how large and wide God's grace is in this Gospel day.

W. W. Fereday

Each supplies what the other lacks

One writer turns this exchange into a lesson about who depends on whom:

The Lord could do without us, but He does not want to. He knows well that using us in His service gives joy to our hearts and blesses them. But we cannot do without Him. He is the one who gives life, food, strength, and growth… A man might own cedar and cypress trees and still die of hunger.

H. L. Rossier

A covenant that was later broken

Long after Solomon, Tyre broke this covenant for profit:

But the hope of gain made Tyre forget the brotherly covenant, and she handed the refugees over to cruel Edom. This is the prophet's charge against her (Amos 1:9). David and Hiram, king of Tyre, made a covenant. Solomon confirmed it, and Hiram called him "my brother."

The Bible Treasury

Solomon did not hold his ground either. Writers note that what God gave him was not enough for him:

We shall see later that Solomon, as the responsible king, was not content with what the Lord gave him. He later tried to increase it by himself and for himself, and he had to bear the consequences.

H. L. Rossier

Summary

- Promised — God said He would give Solomon wisdom, and He kept His word. He gave it in stages, each portion sized to the job: judging, governing, teaching kings, then building.

- Peace — the quiet between the two kingdoms was God's doing. He turned a foreign king's heart toward Solomon, and He will do the same for other nations.

- Partnership — Hiram had cedars, but cedars feed nobody. God still chooses to use servants He could do without, and we cannot do without Him.

- Reach — Israel built the tabernacle alone. The temple drew in a foreign nation, a hint of God's welcome to all peoples.

- Warning — both partners later failed. Tyre forgot the covenant, and Solomon wanted more than God had given him.

Reviewed by Orion on September 18, 2026