And of Jezebel the LORD also said, ‘The dogs shall eat Jezebel within the walls of Jezreel.’
Elijah meets Ahab in the vineyard he stole from Naboth, and God's sentence falls on the whole house. One line of it belongs to Queen Jezebel alone — so why is she named, and what becomes of a judgment that waits years to fall?
Why judgment fell
This is not just about a murder. It is about the inheritance God gave to every Israelite, and Elijah is the man He sends to say so.
The Bible TreasuryIn 1 Kings 21:17 and following, Elijah meets Ahab at Naboth's vineyard. Without fear he denounces him, and declares the judgment of God against him and against Jezebel also. The blessed God uses him to say how grievous it is in His sight when anyone — and even more a prominent person — deprives any of His people of their divine portion and inheritance. Such an act will draw down the severest judgment.
Three parts to one sentence
God's sentence has three parts. The words about Jezebel come last, after the king himself and his family.
W. W. FeredayAhab then had to listen to as fearful a sentence as was ever passed on a sinner. It was in three parts. (1) "Behold, I will bring disaster upon you." He personally must suffer. He came to a miserable end, as we know. (2) His whole family was to be destroyed, like the families of his evil predecessors Jeroboam and Baasha. He had wiped out Naboth's family: God would wipe out his. (3) Jezebel was to be eaten by dogs.
The wife behind the king
Ahab was the king, but not the stronger of the two. That explains his ruin; it does not excuse it.
W. W. FeredayAhab was a weak character; Jezebel was strong and energetic. A most unfortunate combination! … When Elijah announced God's sentence on him after the murder of Naboth, we read that he "tore his clothes and put sackcloth on his flesh and fasted and lay in sackcloth and went about dejectedly." This was excellent, and the LORD so far relented towards him that the judgment was at least deferred. No man's weakness of character excuses his wickedness; still, God in His pity does take account of the influences that surround us all. "There was none who sold himself to do what was evil in the sight of the LORD like Ahab, whom Jezebel his wife incited." But he should never have married the woman!
Delayed, not cancelled
God put Jezebel's judgment off for years, as He had put off Ahab's. The delay changes nothing about the outcome.
H. L. RossierThe joy he longed for gives way to that horrible curse, which sounds again and again through this sad history of Israel. … And Jezebel is not forgotten: "The dogs shall eat Jezebel within the walls of Jezreel." The judgment foretold waits for her (2 Kings 9), but it is no less certain.
Fulfilled against man's will
Years later Jehu ordered her buried as royalty. The order failed, and that failure proved the word spoken here.
William KellyThe will of man has little to do with the accomplishment of the word of God. Jehu, now at the height of his power, softens a little towards this wicked woman Jezebel. He even says, "See now to this cursed woman and bury her, for she is a king's daughter." But what had God said? The prophet had said, "The dogs shall eat Jezebel in the territory of Jezreel, and none shall bury her." … They went to bury her. Their purpose was to obey him. In vain. They found no more of her than the skull and the feet and the palms of her hands.
Her name outlives her
The name does not die with her. The last book of the Bible picks it up again and applies it to something wider than one queen.
W. W. FeredayJezebel! One of the most sinister figures in the Word of God! This wicked woman did incalculable damage among God's chosen earthly people in the days of Elijah's testimony. That is not all. The Holy Spirit also uses her name in Revelation 2:20 as the symbol of a frightful system of evil, and that system has forced its way into a more sacred circle than Israel ever was.
The same writer traces her end to the end of the system that carries her name:
W. W. FeredayAhab's Jezebel had a gruesome end. That which has reproduced her outrages, and practised them in the name of "the holy one, the true one," will have a fearful end also. Meanwhile God wants all who love His truth to stand in firm separation from everything that even hints at Jezebel and Babylon.
Summary
- Cause. Ahab robbed Naboth of the inheritance God gave him. God brings the severest judgment on anyone who strips His people of their divine portion.
- Named. Ahab sold himself, but Jezebel incited him. Weakness excuses no one, and the stronger partner gets a sentence of her own.
- Delayed. Ahab humbled himself, so God deferred the blow — for him and for her. A delay never means the word has failed.
- Fulfilled. Jehu ordered her buried as a king's daughter. Almost nothing was left to bury: man's will cannot undo God's word.
- Repeated. The name reappears in Revelation as a symbol. Its end is just as certain, so stand clear of everything like her.