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Efesliler 6:12

because our struggle is not against blood and flesh, but against principalities, against authorities, against the universal lords of this darkness, against spiritual [power] of wickedness in the heavenlies.

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Ephesians 6:12 — The Nature of Our Conflict

Paul lifts the curtain on the unseen realm, naming the Christian's true adversaries: not human opposition but ranks of spiritual beings who oppose the saint's enjoyment of heavenly blessings. Because our calling is heavenly, the battlefield is heavenly, and only divine armour can sustain us in it.

Why the Foes Are Spiritual, Not Human

Our birth and standing as believers determine the kind of warfare we face. Israel under the law fought visible nations; the Church, born of God and seated in heavenly places, faces invisible powers.

The conflicts of God's people are according to the nature of their calling. When Jehovah owned a people in the flesh, they fought in His name against fleshly adversaries... It is because our calling is a heavenly one, that the scene of our conflict is laid there. "Wicked spirits in heavenly places" are appreciable as antagonists to those only who by faith have present access into heaven. Our heritage is there; and there, consequently, the adversary as yet disputes our right.

A. Pridham

According to our birth and lineage, so is our conflict. We are born, as believers, not of flesh and blood, but of God. His enemies are, therefore, ours... As it respects personal enmities, dead men can have none. And we are dead with Christ. It is because we are also risen with Him that we find ourselves exposed to the enmity of that which crucified Him, and still disallows His name.

A. Pridham

Darby underlines the contrast with Joshua's wars and reminds us the enemy can only reach Christ in us through the flesh:

The contrast here is between the conflict with men that Joshua led the children of Israel against (flesh and blood as man, not sinful flesh, is meant here). Now we are not fighting with men, but we are Christians fighting with all these mighty beings, whose subtlety we are apt not to detect because they are so elevated — "against principalities, against powers, against the rulers of the darkness of this world, against spiritual wickednesses in the heavenlies."

J. N. Darby

The Ranks of the Enemy Identified

Each title given to the foe describes a different aspect of Satan's organisation. The believer must know them in order to refuse their claim.

Principalities refers to dignities, in this case demonic, whom we must never treat with contempt (Jude 8, 9), but firmly stand against them. Authorities are the authorities of darkness. They have no authority over believers, though that authority which they hold over unbelievers, is cruel tyranny... Rulers have to do with administration. Satan has his organization of evil forces that is not to be lightly regarded, and he uses people for his evil purposes, to contest every inch of the way in which a believer seeks to enter into and enjoy his proper possessions in heavenly places.

Leslie M. Grant

Pridham distinguishes the two spheres of activity — earth and heaven — and explains why Satan still has access above:

Satan has no rule there. He and his angels are not yet definitively banished from the heavens. They are permitted still to infest them, until the decisive moment comes for the open manifestation of the kingdom of God and the power of His Christ. But he, whose presence as the accuser of the brethren (Rev. 12:7-11) in heaven is endured yet a little while, is the ruling power in the world. As opposed to Christ, the true Light of the world, he is styled the ruler of its darkness.

A. Pridham

What the Battle Is Actually For

The fight is not merely defensive; it is for the practical possession of what is already ours in Christ.

Hence our conflict, as set forth in this epistle, is for the possession by faith of these heavenly places, and our enemies are those who would seek to drive us from them... This conflict is one we must sustain if we would practically enjoy the heavenly place and the heavenly blessings which are ours in Christ. "The old corn of the land" can only be eaten in the land. But it is clear that no strength of ours can cope with such enemies as those now arrayed against us. What, then, is our resource? God has made ample provision; He has stored up in His divine armoury a harness which can withstand even such assaults as those we have to resist.

Christian Friend

When the Enemy Uses Flesh and Blood

Though the wrestling is not against flesh and blood, Satan often uses people as instruments — Job's wife being a classic case:

although we wrestle not with flesh and blood (Eph. 6:12) nevertheless sometimes the enemy uses flesh and blood when he attacks us. Well, his wife said to Job "Curse God and die". That was a cruel thrust; but Job... met that thrust with the shield of faith "What? shall we receive good at the hand of God and shall we not receive evil?" (Job 2:9-10) and the fiery dart fell to the ground.

Magazines — The Armour of God

Summary

- Heavenly calling, heavenly conflict. Because believers are born of God and seated above with Christ, their warfare is necessarily with spiritual foes, not human ones.

- Ranks named. Principalities, authorities, world-rulers and spiritual wickedness describe Satan's organised system — dignities not to be despised but firmly resisted.

- The prize is enjoyment. The fight is to possess by faith and practically enjoy our heavenly blessings, which Satan disputes inch by inch.

- Satan still in the heavens. He has no rule there, but is permitted to infest them as accuser until openly cast down (Rev. 12).

- Flesh used as a tool. Though we wrestle not against flesh and blood, the enemy often shoots his fiery darts through people; faith answers them as Job did.