Why does God allow sickness?
Scripture reveals several distinct purposes behind God's allowing sickness and physical affliction. Far from being random or purposeless, sickness in the hand of God serves His loving ends — whether to glorify Himself, to discipline His children, to prevent spiritual danger, or to draw the soul closer to Himself.
1. For the Glory of God
One of the clearest statements comes when the Lord Jesus encounters the man born blind in John 9. Hamilton Smith writes:
Hamilton SmithThe disciples, with their Jewish prejudices, thought that the blindness might have been inflicted anticipatively for some sin foreseen by God or as the result of the sin of his parents. In His reply the Lord shows that God can use affliction to make manifest the works of God. A life-long sickness is not necessarily the outcome of a specific sin, but may be allowed for the display of the grace of God.
The story of Lazarus in John 11 makes the same point. Smith comments on the Lord's words, "This sickness is not unto death, but for the glory of God":
The devil would seek to use our trials to raise murmuring and dishonouring thoughts of God: the Lord would use them to draw out our confidence in Himself, and as an occasion for manifesting His love in such tender fashion that He is glorified, while we are blessed.
William Kelly puts it this way:
William Kelly"This sickness is not unto death (said He) but for the glory of God, that the Son of God may be glorified thereby." He waited as ever for divine direction.
Smith further explains the strange ways of divine love — the Lord's deliberate delay in coming to Lazarus:
Human love would have gone at once; human prudence would never have gone at all. Whether in His tarrying or in His going, Jesus acts, not according to the thoughts of nature, but in dependence upon and according to the will of the Father. … Herein will be found the solution of many a strange passage in our lives. We, it may be, thinking only of our present comfort, wonder at some strange combination of circumstances, or question why an illness overtakes us, or why a trial is allowed to continue. Had we the glory of the Father more distinctly before us, we might better understand these apparently strange providences.
2. As Fatherly Discipline (Chastening)
J.N. Darby, commenting on James 5, addresses this directly:
J.N. DarbySickness, as well as death, came in by sin; and we find it now throughout the whole course of man's history. But a sparrow falls not to the ground without God our Father, as the Lord says, and although these ills now belong to the natural condition of man, yet God uses them for the correction of His children. "He withdraweth not his eyes from the righteous," Job 36:7. In either case, whether as ills natural to humanity, or the direct chastisement of God, God now makes use of sickness, when the heart, instead of considering all that happens to it with indifference, draws near to God, who thinks upon the sufferings of His own, and has respect to the submission and to the cry of those whom He chastens.
Darby further distinguishes between sickness that comes naturally and sickness sent as direct discipline for sin:
When it is said, "if he have committed sins, they shall be forgiven him," it means, that when such a brother has come to himself, owning the hand of God, if sins have drawn upon him the chastisement of God, and have hindered the healing of the sickness, they shall be forgiven as regards the discipline of God in His government. This discipline had manifested itself in the chastening, that is to say, in the sickness: if this is removed, the discipline is ended, the sins are remitted.
A.J. Pollock brings out the solemn case from 1 Corinthians 11:
A.J. Pollock"For this cause many are weak and sickly among you, and many sleep. For if we would judge ourselves, we should not be judged. But when we are judged, we are chastened of the Lord, that WE SHOULD NOT BE CONDEMNED WITH THE WORLD" (1 Cor. 11:27-32).
He comments:
Here is a wonderful blending of the mighty grace of God that saves once and for ever, and a loving discipline that would go to extremest lengths to maintain this grace on the side of their earthly life as Christians.
3. As Preventive — To Keep from Pride
The apostle Paul's "thorn in the flesh" is the great example. F.B. Hole explains:
F.B. HoleThis leads him to reveal the fact that when he resumed his active life in this world he came under a special disciplinary dealing on God's part, of a kind that was designed to deliver him from dangers that threatened. The flesh in Paul was unchanged as to its evil tendencies even after such an experience as this. How easy for him to be lifted up with pride and self-exaltation, and thus invite a sorrowful fall. So the thorn in flesh was given to act as a kind of counterpoise.
Hole draws two conclusions:
The thorn in the flesh, then, worked good in two ways. First, it checked that tendency to pride that otherwise might have overcome Paul and wrought such mischief. Second, it cast him so fully upon the Lord that it became a medium through which abundant supplies of grace were received by him.
4. As Educational — To Produce Holiness
F.B. Hole, summarizing the lesson of Job, gives a threefold classification:
F.B. HoleIn the light of the New Testament, chastening may be sent for retribution, as we see in 1 Corinthians 11:30. But on the other hand it may not be, as we see in Paul's case — 2 Corinthians 12:7 — where the thorn in the flesh was preventive; lest he should be puffed up and fall. Yet again, it may be neither retributive nor preventive but educational, as Hebrews 12 shows. The Father trains and disciplines His children, and even scourges them; but all is in pursuance of His objective — "that we might be partakers of His holiness."
In that direction Job was led, as we have seen. In that direction we too are being led in all the Father's dealings with us. Let us ever remember this, and praise God that it is so.
5. To Draw the Soul Nearer to God
Darby captures this beautifully:
By drawing near to God in affliction, the will is subdued, and the heart consoled and encouraged. God Himself is revealed to the soul, and works by His grace; and in the sense of His presence we say, "It is good for me that I have been afflicted."
Synthesis
Sickness is never random or meaningless in the hand of God. It may serve the glory of God, as with Lazarus and the man born blind — where affliction became the occasion for displaying divine power and love. It may be retributive discipline, as with the Corinthians who dishonoured the Lord's table and were made weak and sickly. It may be preventive, as with Paul's thorn in the flesh, given to keep him from pride after extraordinary revelations. It may be educational, as with Job, where God's purpose was not punishment but the deepening of the soul's knowledge of Himself — "that we might be partakers of His holiness." And in every case, affliction serves to draw the heart nearer to God, subduing the will and opening the way for His comfort and grace. The constant thread is that God never loses sight of His children, and His hand in sickness is always the hand of a loving Father — "whom the Lord loveth He chasteneth."