Where was Jesus born?
Jesus was born in Bethlehem, a small town in Judah also known as the city of David. Micah 5:2 had named it as the birthplace of Israel's Ruler. His parents lived in Nazareth in Galilee, and a Roman census brought them south for the birth. Within Bethlehem there was no room for them in the inn, so He was laid in a manger.
Bethlehem in Judah — David's city
Bethlehem in Judah is the town the prophecy named. Frank Wallace sets it beside the great cities of the Bible and points out which one God chose instead:
Frank WallaceBethlehem in Judah was a favoured town. It was honoured by being known as David's city. It was marked out for specific honour in the prophecy of Micah 5:2. The Ruler of Israel (not David or any other merely human king), the Eternal God become flesh (come of David's seed), was to be born there. Great cities are mentioned in the Bible: Ur of the Chaldees, Nineveh, Babylon, Jerusalem, Rome, and many others, but they were all passed by. The little town of Bethlehem was chosen for the coming into the world of God's beloved Son.
Why was Jesus born in Bethlehem if His parents lived in Nazareth?
William Kelly points out that Nazareth and Bethlehem stood at opposite ends of the country.
William KellyJesus was born in Bethlehem. His parents were in the habit of living in Galilee. Their usual home, Nazareth, was at one end of the land. Bethlehem was almost at the other. How, then, could He be born there?
Arno Gaebelein traces the move to a Roman tax decree, and reads the timing of that decree as God's own ordering:
Arno Clemens GaebeleinAccording to prophecy the Saviour had to be born in Bethlehem (Micah 5:2). But Mary lived in Nazareth. God in His own marvellous way ordered everything. He directed Caesar Augustus to issue the decree of taxation at just such a time and in just such a way, and He so ordered the journey of Joseph and his promised wife Mary, that she had to be in Bethlehem when the days were completed for her to give birth. The great Roman Emperor knew nothing of what God was accomplishing by his decree.
What the name Bethlehem means
W. T. P. Wolston finds meaning in the name of the town itself:
W. T. P. WolstonThis Scripture plainly declared that Christ should be born in Bethlehem. Bethlehem means "The House of Bread." And has it not been a very House of Bread for hungry sinners for eighteen long centuries? Thank God, it has. From that spot came out the living bread, the bread of God. That Scripture was so well known that when Jesus was born, and the wise men came from the East to look for Him, the scribes could quote the passage. They told Herod that Bethlehem was to be the birthplace of Messiah.
Where in Bethlehem was Jesus born?
Luke gives the exact spot inside Bethlehem. "And she gave birth to her firstborn son and wrapped him in swaddling cloths and laid him in a manger, because there was no place for them in the inn" (Luke 2:7, ESV). William Kelly draws out what the choice of the manger over the inn says about the world receiving Him:
William KellyIt is very instructive for us that Jesus was laid in the manger, not in the inn. There was no room for them in the inn. The Lord of glory, when born into this world, was laid in the manger. What a picture of the state of the world! There was no room for Him who was God in the world! The children of men, according to their means, found their place in the inn as it suited them. But the parents of the Lord were so poor that they were thoroughly despised at the inn, and the only place where they could find shelter for the Babe was a manger.
J. N. Darby contrasts the world's careful ranking of every guest with the place it gave Jesus:
J. N. DarbyGo where the great world registers every individual. Go to the little world of an inn, where each person is measured by the servant's knowing eye and given a place from the attic to the first floor. But there is no room for Jesus! And the manger led, in due time, to the lowest place — to the cross.
Why Bethlehem and not Jerusalem
Samuel Ridout notes that of the two cities linked with David, the birth happened at the smaller one.
Samuel RidoutIt is touchingly appropriate that our Lord should be born at Bethlehem, the city of David in his lowliness. He was not born at Jerusalem, the city of the great king, where David spent his royal life.
Summary
- Foretold — Micah 5:2 named little Bethlehem Ephratah as the place the Ruler of Israel would come from.
- Arranged — Caesar's census moved Mary from Nazareth to Bethlehem at the right moment. The emperor served God's purpose without knowing it.
- Lowly — God passed over Ur, Nineveh, Babylon, Jerusalem and Rome. He chose David's small town, not David's royal city.
- Refused — inside Bethlehem there was no room in the inn, so the Lord of glory was laid in a manger.
- Onward — the manger was the first step of a descent that led, in Darby's phrase, to the lowest place: the cross.