True Bible Answers

What is the wrath of God?

What is the Wrath of God?

Scripture speaks of the wrath of God as His settled, holy opposition to all ungodliness and unrighteousness — not a sudden outburst of temper, but the necessary response of His righteous nature to sin. Several threads run through this subject: what it is, how it was revealed at the cross, and what it means for the believer and the unbeliever.

The Nature of God's Wrath — Revealed from Heaven

The wrath of God is introduced in Romans 1:18, and Hamilton Smith draws out its character:

Against all this evil, disclosed by the testing of man, the wrath of God is revealed. The Cross that demonstrates the righteousness of God to save the sinner that believes, also demonstrates the wrath of God against sin. It is the wrath of God revealed from heaven, and it is against all impiety and unrighteousness. In Old Testament days God's wrath was revealed in governmental judgments that overtook certain individuals, or nations, because of certain sins committed against the partial light that they had. Now it is no longer a limited expression of wrath according to what man is on earth, but wrath revealed according to the holy nature of God in heaven; and it is against all sin, wherever that sin may be found.

Hamilton Smith

Smith further explains that the gospel reveals both God's righteousness and His wrath simultaneously:

If, in the gospel, we have the full setting forth of the righteousness of God that can save, we have, at the same time, the revelation of the wrath of God against sin. God's righteousness in saving does not in the slightest degree set aside God's wrath against sin. On the contrary, the revelation of the power of God that can righteously save the greatest sinner, becomes the occasion of fully declaring the wrath of God against all sin. On our side we can afford to face the full revelation of the wrath of God against sins, if we know there is righteousness with God to forgive sins. The wrath is not yet executed, for God is acting in grace, but it is revealed.

William Kelly makes the same distinction — the wrath of God is not merely human justice scaled up, but something essentially divine:

So wrath of God from heaven; it is not human wrath or justice on earth ending there in its nature and quality, nor even divine wrath exercised in an earthly way by earthly instruments. It is divine from heaven.

William Kelly

The Dictionary Definition

Morrish's Bible Dictionary gives a concise summary:

The wrath of God against all ungodliness and unrighteousness of men is plainly declared in scripture, and will surely fall upon the children of disobedience. Rom. 1:18; Col. 3:6. The fierceness of that wrath is spoken of. Rev. 16:19. How vain then for the false teachers to speak only of the love of God, and to say that because 'God is love' there will be mercy for all eventually. There is grace for all now, but there is as surely a day of wrath coming, for God is righteous.

Morrish's Bible Dictionary

Wrath Abiding — John 3:36

F.B. Hole, commenting on John 3:36, brings out the solemn fact that the wrath of God abides on the one who refuses the Son:

He is the Object of faith, and therefore the test of every man. To believe on Him is to become possessed of life eternal. To refuse the subjection of faith to Him is to be excluded from life and lie under the wrath of God.

The words, "shall not see life," negative universal reconciliation, which declares that in some way or other all shall ultimately see it. The theory of conditional immortality, which means the annihilation of impenitent unbelievers, is negatived by the fact that the wrath of God "abides" on such — therefore they exist abidingly.

F.B. Hole

The word "abides" is critical. A.J. Pollock presses the point:

If the wrath of God abides on the unbeliever, as Scripture states, there must be the unbeliever for it to abide on. There can be no getting out of the plain meaning of these words. If the unbeliever is annihilated the wrath of God cannot abide on what does not exist.

Treasuring Up Wrath

Hamilton Smith explains how man's refusal to repent accumulates wrath:

Refusing to repent, man treasures up wrath against the day of wrath. Not only does man call down wrath by his evil, but also because he despises the goodness of God that would meet the evil. All this will become manifest to the unrepentant in the day of wrath. In the goodness of God that day may be long delayed, none the less it is surely coming — an actual day when God's judgment — not man's, will be revealed and executed.

Hamilton Smith

Christ Bore the Wrath — The Cross as the Answer

A.J. Pollock states with directness:

At infinite cost to Himself, God has provided a way of escape, even through the death of the Lord Jesus Christ who bore all the wrath of God against sin and making full atonement for it.

A.J. Pollock

J.N. Darby, in his Synopsis on 1 Corinthians 15, shows how Christ's work has removed all that separated man from God:

All that separated us from God is entirely put away — death, the wrath of God, the power of Satan, sin, disappear, as far as we are concerned, in virtue of the work of Christ; and He is made to us that righteousness which is our title to heavenly glory.

J.N. Darby

Darby also writes, in a meditation on the cross, of the double character of what was displayed there:

There is the unsparing wrath of God against the sin, but God's perfect love to the sinner. There His majesty, which we insulted, is vindicated: even the Son bows to that.

Wrath Yet to Be Poured Out

Hamilton Smith, commenting on Revelation 15-16, shows that the wrath of God will also be poured out in the closing judgments of this age:

These judgments are referred to as "the seven last plagues" that will precede the appearing of Christ, and we are told that "in them is filled up the wrath of God."

As we read of these terrible judgments that will fall upon the sphere of Christendom, how solemn to realise that in the very portion of the world in which our lot is cast, and which for centuries has enjoyed the outward privileges of Christianity and where the grace of God in the gospel has been proclaimed, there the great apostasy will develop and there the wrath of God as expressed in these vials will be poured out.

Hamilton Smith

F.W. Grant describes the intermediate state of the unsaved as already under this wrath:

The doom of the unsaved is determined in the present life also, and if men ignore it here, the spirit returning to God cannot remain ignorant. It is a "spirit in prison," already with the consciousness of wrath upon it... This is the rich man's portion, where the wrath of God is the consuming fire by which he is tormented.

F.W. Grant

Synthesis

The wrath of God is not an emotional reaction but the holy, righteous opposition of God's nature to all sin. It is revealed from heaven (Romans 1:18) — no longer limited to earthly governmental judgments as in the Old Testament, but now disclosed in its full divine character. It abides on the one who refuses the Son (John 3:36), showing it is not a passing condition but a settled reality. It will be poured out in the coming day of judgment upon those who have despised the goodness of God that led toward repentance.

Yet at the cross, God's wrath and God's love meet. Christ bore the full weight of divine wrath against sin, so that the believer is entirely cleared — "death, the wrath of God, the power of Satan, sin, disappear, as far as we are concerned, in virtue of the work of Christ." The same cross that reveals the wrath of God against sin reveals the love of God toward the sinner.