What is the hypostatic union?
The hypostatic union is the union of two complete natures — full deity and true humanity — in the one Person of the Lord Jesus Christ. He is not two persons, nor are His natures merged into one blended nature; rather, He is one undivided Person who is wholly God and wholly Man.
The Mystery of One Person
The term itself appears in the writings in connection with Christ's Sonship. R. McBroom explains:
R. McBroomSon of God is predicated of our Lord in a three-fold way. 1. Abstract Godhead; the Son in relation to the Father in the unity of the Godhead. 2. Incarnation: the Son of God a Divine Human Person. 3. Resurrection. … In the second, while eternally Co-Equal by virtue of the hypostatic union, yet, having become Man He is the Son of God, a Divine Human Person.
The central truth is that the Son of God is one Person — not two persons linked together, nor one nature absorbing the other. W. R. Dronsfield addresses this directly:
The Son of God is One Person. The Son of God is the same Person as the Son of Man. … The Person who is in the form of God at the beginning of the sublime sentence in Philippians 2 verse 6, is the same Person who was obedient to the death of the cross in verse 8. The subject of the sentence is the same throughout. There is no change of Person halfway.
He warns that dividing His Person would destroy the truth of the atonement:
We may shrink from saying baldly, "God died." … However, to qualify a statement is not to deny it. To say it was the Son of Man and not God who died, is to divide His Person and make Him two Persons. The fact is that God the Son became a Man for this very purpose, that He might die. … It is the infinitude of His Person that produces the infinite atonement.
Two Distinct Natures — Not Blended
To guard against the opposite error — that the two natures somehow fused into one — Dronsfield writes:
The opposite error to saying that He is two persons is to say that His two natures have combined into one. It was an ancient heresy that the two natures, Manhood and Deity, merged together. … He is wholly Man and wholly God. He possesses all the attributes and properties of real, unfallen, holy Manhood, and at the same time possesses all the infinite attributes and properties of Deity. The unity consists, not in the amalgamation of essence, but in the Oneness of His Person.
God and Man in One Person
W. H. Westcott presses this same point:
W. H. WestcottError as to the Person of Christ often proceeds from the audacity that tries to dissect TWO NATURES in the One Person, and thence to define which is the Divine and which is the Human. JESUS IS GOD, and JESUS IS MAN. The inscrutable mystery … lies in this, that both these glories are true, but inseparable, in the One Person. He may be viewed, now in the light of the one glory, now in the light of the other, but He is the same Christ throughout, body, soul, and spirit. His Godhead was not a distinct entity from His Manhood. He was not two persons, but One.
James Boyd refuses any notion of a "dual personality":
James BoydHe was a Man here before the eyes of men; Man in the whole texture of His bodily and spiritual being, but God and Man in the complex and inscrutable unity of His adorable person; as truly God as Man; nothing lacking as to Godhead, for its fullness was there; and nothing lacking as to Manhood, for perfection characterized Him in whatever way He may be viewed.
He insists that the activities of Christ's life flow from a single spring:
I say all this to emphasize the fact that the various ways in which the perfect life of this heavenly Man is portrayed in the Gospels, shows, not the activities resulting from a dual personality, though we see the divine and the human perfectly blended, but those activities flowing forth from one spring.
Proven in His Personal History
L. M. Grant shows how the Gospel narratives themselves demonstrate this union:
L. M. GrantConsider Matthew 8:23-27. On board a sailing vessel the Lord Jesus calmly slept. He is certainly therefore Man, for God does not sleep (Ps. 121:4). But when awakened by the disciples because of their fear of the raging storm capsizing the boat, He calmly rebuked the winds and the sea, and there was a great calm. He demonstrated that He is God, the master of the elements. His sleep can be attributed only to the fact that He is Man; but His authority over wind and sea is attributable to His being God.
These are but a few of the great number of scriptures that bear witness to the wonder of supreme Godhead glory and attractive Manhood grace combined in one adorable Person for eternity.
True Humanity — Yet Sinless and Unique
Samuel Ridout, expounding the boards of the Tabernacle (acacia wood overlaid with gold) as a type of Christ's Person, writes:
Samuel RidoutWe are distinctly told that He was, and is, Man: "There is one Mediator between God and men, the Man Christ Jesus" (1 Tim. 2:5). He is the ideal, the only perfect Man that ever walked the earth — infinitely more so than the first man. But He was the perfect Man because He was also infinitely more. The Creator has come down into His creation and taken His place as its Head.
Concerning how He took human nature:
He took a sinless, perfect human nature — a body, soul and spirit. … So carefully does the Spirit guard against connecting our holy Lord's humanity with the slightest taint of the fall.
Synthesis
The hypostatic union, then, is the truth that in the incarnation the eternal Son of God — without ceasing to be fully God — took to Himself a complete, sinless human nature: body, soul, and spirit. These two natures are not blended into a third thing, nor divided between two persons. Rather, one divine Person possesses both natures in their fullness. He sleeps as Man yet commands the storm as God; He thirsts at a well yet offers living water to all who ask; He dies on a cross yet is the very Author of life. The unity is in His Person, not in a merging of essences — and this is precisely what makes His work on the cross infinitely effective: it is the blood of One who is both the spotless Man (qualified to die) and the infinite God (giving that death its eternal value). As Dronsfield puts it: "It is the infinitude of His Person that produces the infinite atonement."