What is Gods permissive will?
Scripture reveals two distinct lines in God's dealings with man: what He purposes and decrees, and what He allows or permits. These are sometimes called God's directive will and His permissive will.
The Two Lines of God's Will
T.D. Wood draws the distinction directly:
T.D. WoodThere are two definite lines discernible in Scripture — God's (a) directive will, and (b) permissive will; (a) unfold to us God's purpose, and (b) His overruling in the midst of the ruined creation in His providential dealings.
The directive will is what God has purposed and set before Himself — His eternal counsel. The permissive will is what He allows to take place while overruling all things toward His own ends.
An article in An Outline of Sound Words titled "Aspects of the Will of God" puts it plainly:
Sometimes the will of God is presented to us in Scripture as that which He desires His people to do, and at other times it is that which God has determined to do, and which will be assuredly carried out in spite of all the opposition of the enemy and the failure of His people. ... The will of man is diametrically opposed to the will of God, and although God in His infinite wisdom allows man to carry out his will at the present time, the day is surely coming when God's will will be done on earth, even as it is done in heaven.
God Allowing Man's Day
H.J. Vine develops this same thought in "The Mystery of God's Will." The present period is one in which God is permitting man's will to run its course, to expose what it truly is:
H.J. VineThis calling out takes place now, when, on the other hand, God is allowing man's will — during the period which is called "man's day" — to expose its folly. This, pursued without subjection to God's will, eventually culminates in the "wilful king"; and a trinity of evil — Satan, the false prophet, and the imperial beast of Revelation — will plunge the nations ... into a vortex of strife, darkness, and blasphemy, bringing swift judgment upon both the deceivers and the deceived to make way for God's will to be done on earth as it is in heaven.
Yet behind all this, God is not passive. He "works all things after the counsel of His own will" (Eph. 1:11). His permissive will does not mean indifference — it means sovereign patience while His deeper purpose advances.
God Permits Trials, but Never Tempts to Evil
F. Hole, writing on James 1, makes a vital distinction: God permits testing to come upon His people, but He is never the author of evil:
F. HoleThough the primary thought of this passage is the testing which God permits to come upon believers, yet we cannot rule out altogether the idea of temptation, since every test brings with it the temptation to succumb, by gratifying ourselves rather than glorifying God.
God Himself is above all evil. It is absolutely foreign to His nature. ... Equally so it is impossible for Him to tempt anyone with evil though He may permit His people to be tempted with evil, knowing well how to overrule even that for their ultimate good.
In a separate address, "The Trial of Your Faith," Hole explains why God permits these things:
God permits His people to be put into the crucible and tries them, even by fire, but it is because faith in His estimation is a thing of exceeding value. So we are going to look at our testings in the light of this, God is dealing with us for the refining of faith, and to strengthen it.
And regarding Paul's thorn in the flesh (2 Cor. 12), Hole notes the paradox that something sent by the enemy can come permissively from God's hand:
It was a "messenger of Satan," and yet it came permissively from the hand of God, on the top of all the trials that came upon him from the persecuting world and the defects and failures of the saints.
Classic Examples: The Spies and the King
C.H. Mackintosh provides two of the most vivid illustrations in all of Scripture of God's permissive will at work.
When Israel demanded spies before entering the land (Deut. 1), God commanded Moses to send them — but not because it was His highest will. It was a concession to their unbelief:
C.H. MackintoshIsrael ought not to have needed them. Simple faith would never have thought of them. But the Lord saw the real condition of things, and issued a command accordingly.
The same principle appears in the Lord's words about divorce (Matt. 19):
Moses, because of the hardness of your hearts suffered you to put away your wives; but from the beginning it was not so.
And most strikingly, when Israel rejected God as their king and demanded a human one (1 Sam. 8), God granted their request — permissively, not approvingly:
Thus we see that the mere granting of a desire is no proof whatever that such desire is according to the mind of God. Israel ought not to have asked for a king. Was not Jehovah sufficient? Was not He their King?
Mackintosh sums up the whole principle with devastating clarity: God gave them Saul, and the result was a reign of failure and trembling. As Hosea writes: "I gave thee a king in mine anger, and took him away in my wrath."
Providence is Not the Same as God's Perfect Will
William Kelly warns against confusing providential circumstances — what God allows to happen around us — with His directive will for our path:
William KellyIt is a comparatively easy thing to act as circumstances seem to prompt, and if these circumstances become a supposed divine rule of action to me, this is precisely to abandon the march of faith for providences. Alas! into how many ditches will this blind guide lead the unwary, or the unfaithful Christian?
Thus, we see that providence may place in a position which God would have us not use but leave. It may seem the most fair occasion possible in outward things; but faith judges the contrary, because faith looks not to our honour but to God's.
His example is Moses: providence placed him in Pharaoh's palace — but faith led him out. The open door was not God's directive will; it was a test that only faith could rightly judge.
What God Truly Desires
Romans 12:2 calls the believer to "prove what is that good, and acceptable, and perfect, will of God." As the Outline of Sound Words article explains:
God's will is not attractive to the flesh, indeed the flesh abhors it, but the renewed mind sees God's will as pleasurable, and proves it to be "good, and acceptable, and perfect."
L.M. Grant adds:
L.M. GrantWhich is better, to know the will of God, or to prove it in experience? Certainly the latter! But how may we prove it? On the negative side, by not conforming to the world: on the positive side, by being transformed by the renewing of the mind.
In summary, God's permissive will is what He allows to take place — man's sin, Satan's activity, trials and sorrows — without it being what He purposes or desires. His directive will is His eternal purpose, His "good pleasure," centred in Christ. The two are not in conflict: behind all that God permits, He is sovereignly working toward His own glorious end. But they are distinct, and the believer's calling is not merely to accept what God allows, but to seek, prove, and walk in what He desires — His good, acceptable, and perfect will.