What is a timeline of Paul's life?

Answered from the commentary of Arend Remmers, Church History, W. T. P. Wolston and 6 others

Paul, originally called Saul, was a Jew from Tarsus, of the tribe of Benjamin, educated as a Pharisee and zealous in persecuting Christians. Around 36 AD, while travelling to Damascus to arrest believers, he was converted after the risen Lord appeared to him; blinded, he was led into the city and spent three days without eating or drinking. He preached Jesus in Damascus, went to Arabia, then returned to Damascus; after three years he went to Jerusalem, where Barnabas brought him to the disciples.

Around 46–49 AD, Paul and Barnabas made their first missionary journey, preaching across Cyprus and parts of Asia Minor before returning to Antioch. Around 50 AD, he went to Jerusalem in connection with the dispute over whether Gentile believers must keep the law. On his second journey, around 51–54 AD, he travelled through Asia Minor and into Europe, preaching and establishing churches; he later returned to Antioch. Around 54–58 AD, he made his third journey, strengthening believers and preaching in places including Ephesus; near its close he travelled to Jerusalem with aid for believers there. Arrested in Jerusalem around 58 AD, he spent about two years in custody at Caesarea before appealing to Caesar and being sent to Rome.

Around 61–63 AD, after a perilous voyage, Paul lived under guard in Rome for two years, receiving visitors and preaching. Most of these accounts place his release around 63 AD, followed by further travels and letters; they differ on the details and extent of this later ministry. He was later imprisoned again in Rome, wrote his second letter to Timothy, and was put to death around 67 AD, though the dates are given as uncertain.

Verses: Acts 7:58, Acts 8:1, Acts 8:2, Acts 8:3, Acts 9:1, Acts 9:2, Acts 9:3, Acts 9:4, Acts 9:5, Acts 9:6, Acts 9:7, Acts 9:8, Acts 9:9, Acts 9:10, Acts 9:11, Acts 9:12, Acts 9:13, Acts 9:14, Acts 9:15, Acts 9:16, Acts 9:17, Acts 9:18, Acts 9:19, Acts 9:20, Acts 9:21, Acts 9:22, Acts 9:23, Acts 9:24, Acts 9:25, Acts 9:26, Acts 9:27, Acts 9:28, Acts 9:29, Acts 9:30, Acts 11:25, Acts 11:26, Acts 11:27, Acts 11:28, Acts 11:29, Acts 11:30, Acts 12:25, Acts 15:1, Acts 18:23, Acts 21:17, Acts 24:1, Acts 27:1, Galatians 1:11, Philippians 3:4, Philippians 3:5, Philippians 3:6, Philippians 3:7, Philippians 3:8, Philippians 3:9, Philippians 3:10, Philippians 3:11, 2 Corinthians 11:23, 2 Corinthians 11:24, 2 Corinthians 11:25, 2 Corinthians 11:26, 2 Corinthians 11:27, 2 Corinthians 11:28, 2 Corinthians 11:29, 2 Corinthians 11:30, 2 Corinthians 11:31, 2 Corinthians 11:32, 2 Corinthians 11:33, 2 Timothy 4:6, 2 Timothy 4:7, 2 Timothy 4:8

The above is AI generated summary based on the writers below.

What the commentators say

The passages the answer is drawn from, the most direct first, with the words that bear on the question marked.

Arend RemmersThe Epistles of the Apostle Paul

Outward privilegeBut no approvalConversion of Paularound 36 AD?First Mission Journeyaround 46 – 49 AD“Council of the Apostles”around 50 ADSecond Mission Journeyaround 51 – 54 ADFirst Epistle to Thessaloniansaround 52 ADSecond Epistle to Thessaloniansaround 52 AD(Epistle to Galatians?)around 52 ADThird Mission Journeyaround 54 – 58 ADFirst Epistle to Corinthiansaround 57 ADSecond Epistle to Corinthiansaround 57 AD(Epistle to Galatians?)around 57/58 ADEpistle to Romansaround 58 ADImprisonment in Jerusalemaround 58 ADCaptivity in Caesareaaround 58 – 60 ADJourney to Romearound 60/61 ADCaptivity in Romearound 61 – 63 ADEpistle to Ephesiansaround 61/62 ADEpistle to Colossiansaround 61/62 ADEpistle to Philemonaround 61/62 ADEpistle to Philippiansaround 63 ADRelease of Paularound 63 ADFirst Epistle to Timothyaround 63/64 ADEpistle to Titusaround 63/64 ADSecond Captivity in Romearound 66 – 67 ADSecond Epistle to Timothyaround 66/67 ADPaul's Deatharound 67 AD?

Church HistoryChurch History

36-39.-At Damascus-preaches in the synagogue-goes into Arabia-returns to Damascus-flight from Damascus. His First Visit to Jerusalem, three years after his conversion. Thence to Tarsus (Acts 9:23-26; Gal. 1:18).

Church HistoryChurch History

In chapter three we have spoken of the "conversion," and of the "apostleship" of Paul. We will now endeavour to trace his wonderful path, and note some of the prominent features of his labours. But, first of all, we would gather up what we know of him

G. C. WillisGalatians

Then the Lord Jesus met him on the road to Damascus, a city up in the north of Syria, far away from Jerusalem. The Lord caused Saul to turn completely round. (That is what "conversion" means.) This man who had been trying to destroy the good news, now began to tell it forth everywhere. But he did not go first to any man to learn this good news. If the Lord Jesus had met Saul near Jerusalem, men might have said, "The apostles in Jerusalem taught Saul the good news which he preaches." But there were no apostles at Damascus, and the Lord purposely chose to meet Saul near Damascus, not near Jerusalem. Paul tells us that he did not go up to Jerusalem until after "three years." (Gal. 1:18.)

Church HistoryChurch History

From Acts 9 we learn that he made no delay, after his conversion, in confessing his faith in Christ to those that were around him. "Then was Saul certain days with the disciples which were at Damascus. And straightway he preached Christ in the synagogue, that He is the Son of God." This new testimony is specially worthy of notice. Peter had proclaimed Him as the exalted Lord and Christ; Paul proclaims Him in His higher and personal glory, as the Son of God. But the time for his public ministry had not yet come he had many things to learn, and, led of the Spirit, he retires into Arabia, remains there for three years, and returns to Damascus. (Gal. 1:17)

Derek CooperBarnabas

We all know, of course, the way that the Lord Jesus spoke to him on the Damascus road and temporarily blinded him. We know of Ananias's reluctance to go and see Saul when God told him to- because Saul's reputation had preceded him. We know also that Saul was truly saved and, it would seem, after witnessing in Damascus , spending time in Arabia , returning to Damascus , Saul then went to Jerusalem . Of course, his one wish was to find the believers. The trouble was that is exactly what they thought he would try to do.

W. T. P. Wolston3 The Cripple etc

What a thrill of joy must have gone through the blinded man's soul as he hears himself called "Brother Saul "! But a "brother" he was most truly, and at once begins to testify of Jesus. Driven out of Damascus by the fury of the Jews, who would have now slain him, Saul is dropped over the wall at night, and, when he gets to Jerusalem, finds his way into the assembly by the help of Barnabas. This event, I gather, took place some time later than the record in Acts 9: might, at first sight, lead one to think. Reference to Galatians 1 shows that it was not at the moment of his conversion that Saul went to Jerusalem. These are his words: "When it pleased God, who separated me from my mother's womb, and called me by his grace, to reveal his Son in (not to) me, that I might preach him among the heathen; immediately I conferred not with flesh and blood; neither went I up to Jerusalem to them which were apostles before me; but I went into Arabia, and returned again to Damascus. Then after three years I went up to Jerusalem to see Peter, and abode with him fifteen days. But other of the apostles saw I none, save James the, Lord's brother" (Gal. 1:15-19).

Arend RemmersThe Epistles of the Apostle Paul

The New Testament does not contain any further indications regarding the life of the apostle Paul than what is said in the Pastoral Epistles. The end of Acts however would indicate that Paul has been released after two years of imprisonment in Rome. Afterwards he wrote the First Epistle to Timothy in 63/64 AD and the Epistle to Titus wherein he does not mention anything regarding imprisonment but instead mentions various places to travel to. He visited the assembly in Ephesus where he left Timothy behind (1 Tim. 1:3). He himself went on to Macedonia. During this time he told Titus, who was another co-worker, that he had the intention to winter in Nicopolis (Titus 3:12). He once again visited Troas and maybe Ephesus as well (2 Tim. 4:12; 1 Tim. 3:14). From there he went to Milet and Corinth (2 Tim. 4:20) and was taken captive a second time. We do not know much about this though. He was brought to Rome again and condemned to death. It was from there that he wrote his last inspired testimony which was the Second Epistle to Timothy (autumn 66/67 AD). He was deserted by many but strengthened by his Lord.

Arend RemmersThe Pastoral Epistles

There is much that speaks in favour of Paul's release after two years of imprisonment in Rome (as described by the end of Acts) around the year 63 AC. Hints to this effect can already be found in his Epistles to the Philippians (chap. 1:22-26; 2:24) and to Philemon (verse 22). According to the messages in the Pastoral Epistles he then came to Minor Asia, Crete and Greece (compare with 1 Tim. 1:3; 2 Tim. 4:13.20; Tit. 1:5; 3:12). Only hereafter Paul was again taken captive and condemned to death and executed in Rome.

For the YoungPersecution and Profession

As to Paul, the Acts of the Apostles closes with the apostle's having dwelt two whole years in his own hired house. There can be little doubt but that he was liberated, and took another missionary journey. When he wrote the Second Epistle to Timothy, he was again at Rome, and not apparently so comfortable a prisoner as when described in the end of the Acts; for he speaks of his chain, and says, "I suffer trouble as an evildoer, even unto bonds." To be a Christian had then been declared to be a crime, and Paul would fall under the condemnation. But he was sustained by his God. He wrote: "I am now ready to be offered, and the time of my departure is at hand. I have fought a good fight, I have finished my course, I have kept the faith: henceforth there is laid up for me a crown of righteousness, which the Lord, the righteous Judge, shall give me at that day." (2 Tim. 4:6-8.) He, as a Roman citizen, was beheaded. The date is not known, but it is put down at A.D. 66 or 68.

Verses

  • Acts 7:58and having cast [him] out of the city, they stoned [him]. And the witnesses laid aside their clothes at the feet of a young man called Saul.
  • Acts 8:1–31And Saul was consenting to his being killed. And on that day there arose a great persecution against the assembly which was in Jerusalem, and all were scattered into the countries of Judaea and Samaria except the apostles. 2And pious men buried Stephen and made great lamentation over him. 3But Saul ravaged the assembly, entering into the houses one after another, and dragging off both men and women delivered them up to prison.
  • Acts 9:1–301But Saul, still breathing out threatenings and slaughter against the disciples of the Lord, came to the high priest 2and asked of him letters to Damascus, to the synagogues, so that if he found any who were of the way, both men and women, he might bring [them] bound to Jerusalem. 3But as he was journeying, it came to pass that he drew near to Damascus; and suddenly there shone round about him a light out of heaven, 4and falling on the earth he heard a voice saying to him, Saul, Saul, why dost thou persecute me? 5And he said, Who art thou, Lord? And he [said], I am Jesus, whom thou persecutest. 6But rise up and enter into the city, and it shall be told thee what thou must do. 7But the men who were travelling with him stood speechless, hearing the voice but beholding no one. 8And Saul rose up from the earth, and his eyes being opened he saw no one. But leading [him] by the hand they brought him into Damascus. 9And he was three days without seeing, and neither ate nor drank. 10And there was a certain disciple in Damascus by name Ananias. And the Lord said to him in a vision, Ananias. And he said, Behold, [here am] I, Lord. 11And the Lord [said] to him, Rise up and go into the street which is called Straight, and seek in the house of Judas one by name Saul, [he is] of Tarsus for, behold, he is praying, 12and has seen [in a vision] a man by name Ananias coming in and putting his hand on him, so that he should see. 13And Ananias answered, Lord, I have heard from many concerning this man how much evil he has done to thy saints at Jerusalem; 14and here he has authority from the chief priests to bind all who call upon thy name. 15And the Lord said to him, Go, for this [man] is an elect vessel to me, to bear my name before both nations and kings and [the] sons of Israel 16for I will shew to him how much he must suffer for my name. 17And Ananias went and entered into the house; and laying his hands upon him he said, Saul, brother, the Lord has sent me, Jesus that appeared to thee in the way in which thou camest, that thou mightest see, and be filled with [the] Holy Spirit. 18And straightway there fell from his eyes as it were scales, and he saw, and rising up was baptised; 19and, having received food, got strength. And he was with the disciples who [were] in Damascus certain days. 20And straightway in the synagogues he preached Jesus that he is the Son of God. 21And all who heard were astonished and said, Is not this he who destroyed in Jerusalem those who called on this name, and here was come for this purpose, that he might bring them bound to the chief priests? 22But Saul increased the more in power, and confounded the Jews who dwelt in Damascus, proving that this is the Christ. 23Now when many days were fulfilled, the Jews consulted together to kill him. 24But their plot became known to Saul. And they watched also the gates both day and night, that they might kill him; 25but the disciples took him by night and let him down through the wall, lowering him in a basket. 26And having arrived at Jerusalem he essayed to join himself to the disciples, and all were afraid of him, not believing that he was a disciple. 27But Barnabas took him and brought him to the apostles, and related to them how he had seen the Lord in the way, and that he had spoken to him, and how in Damascus he had spoken boldly in the name of Jesus. 28And he was with them coming in and going out at Jerusalem, 29and speaking boldly in the name of the Lord. And he spoke and discussed with the Hellenists; but they sought to kill him. 30And the brethren knowing it, brought him down to Caesarea and sent him away to Tarsus.