What does it mean to fear God?
Scripture declares that "the fear of the Lord is the beginning of knowledge" (Proverbs 1:7) and "the beginning of wisdom" (Proverbs 9:10). But what does this fear actually consist of? It is not a slavish terror — it is something far richer: the sense of what God is, which puts Him in His rightful place in the soul and orders everything else accordingly.
The Beginning of All Knowledge
J. N. Darby explores this in his Practical Reflections on the Proverbs, asking why the fear of God is the foundation of all true knowledge:
J. N. DarbyAll true knowledge, all moral knowledge begins by putting God in His own place. Nothing is right or true without that. For to leave Him out falsifies the position and relationship of all.
He develops this with a striking image:
Each stone has its own place in the arch, but if the keystone be wanting, none can keep theirs.
Darby then identifies what lies at the heart of this fear — the setting aside of self-will:
The fear of God is the setting aside of will. How much that works in reference to constituted natural authority, or even mutual obligation, is evident.
He continues:
I cannot think of mind and find it sufficient for itself within itself... I must know God to be at rest, God must have His place. Now putting God in His true place — that is the fear of God — is the true beginning of all knowledge.
Not Slavish Dread, but Reverential Awe
L. M. Grant brings out the positive, relational character of this fear in his commentary on Proverbs:
L. M. GrantOf course, this fear is not a slavish fear, but reverential, simply giving the Lord His rightful place in authority over us. His authority is always kind and gracious, so that one who has this godly fear will remain fully content, without evil intruding into his pathway.
And again on Proverbs 9:10:
It is well for us to be constantly reminded that "the fear of the Lord is the beginning of wisdom." When this genuine, reverential fear is present, it is indeed a basis for every aspect of wisdom. For this involves "the knowledge of the Holy One," reminding us that holiness is a most prominent characteristic of God, who loves good and hates evil.
The Fear That Shuts Out All Other Fear
William Kelly, writing on 1 Peter, captures one of the most striking paradoxes — this fear does not paralyze, it liberates:
William KellyThen how necessary to cultivate habitually the fear of God! There is nothing right where this fails. The holy fear of God shuts out every dishonouring fear of man, and all tormenting fear of God. We know His majesty, His holiness, and His righteous character; and we know also that He loves us beyond a father's love, with the perfection of the Son's Father. May we all deepen in our fear of Him!
Kelly carefully distinguishes this from the "natural fear of unbelief" that John addresses in 1 John 4:18:
There is a natural fear of unbelief, which distrusts God and really hates Him. Of this John speaks in his First Epistle, as incompatible with love as with faith and hope, in short with the knowledge of God and His Son.
Yet the believer's fear is something entirely different — a filial fear fully consistent with knowing God's love:
It may be well, even if hardly needful, to say that the fear enjoined on the believer, during the time of his earthly course, is not only consistent with enjoying our Father's love but its inseparable accompaniment. "There is forgiveness with Thee that Thou mayest be feared," says Psalm 130:4.
Kelly then quotes the seventeenth-century Archbishop Leighton in words that give this fear its proper grandeur:
This fear is not cowardice; it doth not debase, but elevates the mind; for it drowns all lower fears, and begets true fortitude and courage to encounter all dangers for a good conscience and the obeying of God. "The righteous is bold as a lion" (Prov. 28:1); he dares do anything but offend God; and to dare do that is the greatest folly and baseness and weakness in the world. ... And our Saviour, "Fear not them that kill the body; but fear Him Who, after He hath killed, hath power to cast into hell: yea, I say to you, fear Him!" Fear not, but fear; and therefore fear that ye may not fear.
The Fear of God in Action: The Thief on the Cross
J. N. Darby, in a separate address on Man's Heart, gives a vivid illustration of what the fear of God looks like when it first enters a soul:
J. N. DarbyThe fear of God is the beginning of wisdom, it is the sense of what God is. He says, "Dost thou not fear God." Then he confesses his sins, he owns he is suffering justly. The light had got into his soul.
The thief rebuked his companion for mocking Christ. In that moment, the fear of God did three things: it gave him honesty about his own condition ("we indeed justly"), discernment about who Christ was ("This man hath done nothing amiss"), and confidence to cry out, "Lord, remember me when thou comest into thy kingdom" — even while every outward sign said the opposite.
What Life Looks Like Without It
F. B. Hole, commenting on Psalm 36, traces a downward sequence when the fear of God is absent:
F. B. HoleThe fear of God is commonly referred to in Scripture, and the word mostly used is one having the force of reverence. Here, however, a less common word is used signifying, dread. Sinful men universally have no proper reverence for God, though they may secretly dread Him.
The result is a four-step decline — no fear of God, self-flattery, the foot of pride, and a final fall:
The contrast then is complete. GOD: characterized by faithfulness, by fatness, by the fountain of life. Man: characterized by shutting out the fear of God, by flattery, by the foot of pride, and by a terrible fall at the end.
To draw these threads together: the fear of God is not a cringing dread but the soul's recognition of who God truly is — His majesty, His holiness, and His love. It is putting God in His rightful place, which means setting aside our own will and submitting to His. It is the keystone of the arch: remove it, and nothing else holds its proper position. This fear is fully compatible with — indeed inseparable from — the enjoyment of God's love as Father. It produces honesty before God about our sin, discernment about what is right, and courage in the face of everything the world can threaten. As Darby put it simply: "The fear of God is the beginning of wisdom, it is the sense of what God is." And as Kelly added: "There is nothing right where this fails."