What does the Bible say about peace?
Scripture uses one word — peace — for several distinct gifts: a settled relationship with God, the calm Christ Himself carried through this world, and a guard for the anxious heart. Commentators press two questions above the rest: who makes this peace, and why the world still has none.
Three Kinds of Peace
One writer sorts the New Testament's language into three headings, and locates where each one lands in a person:
C E StuartThere are three statements about it, each expressing something the believer is privileged to enjoy. First, peace with God. Second, the peace of Christ. Third, the peace of God. The first concerns the conscience, the second the heart, and the third is to garrison the heart.
Peace With God: Already Made
Romans 5:1 ties peace to being justified — declared righteous — by faith. Commentators are emphatic that this peace is received, not produced, and they warn against a common phrase:
Arno Clemens GaebeleinPeace was made in the blood of the cross. He who died for our sins is our peace... Sometimes Christians ask others if they have made their peace with God. They mean turning from sin, repentance, conversion, surrender, and so on, as if such actions on our side could make peace with God. This is wrong, and it is the very reason so many professing Christians lack the assurance that they have peace with God — they are constantly trying what they call "being right with God." Peace does not need to be made. It was made when Christ died for our sins.
Because the work was finished once, the moment of entry is the moment of knowing:
F. B. HoleWhen Paul knew by faith that he was justified, peace with God was his. When I knew that I was justified, peace was mine. When you knew, peace was yours. And until we did know, peace was not ours. Instead of having peace with God we had doubts and fears, and probably plenty of them.
Peace Left and Peace Given
In John 14:27 the Lord speaks twice, and the wording differs each time. One writer holds the two apart:
J. A. TrenchThe Lord distinguishes between peace left to us and peace given to us. "Peace I leave with you" is peace with God as to every question of sin. He made it by the blood of His cross... It was the precious legacy of His death... It is peace of conscience. He could not speak of it as His. He never needed it; we did, and He made it and left it to us.
The second half — my peace — is Christ's own composure handed over:
H H SnellHe gives us His own peace: that calm, undisturbed state which always flowed from confidence in the Father's love. He would have us be without a troubled heart, or fear, during the whole time of His absence.
The Peace of God in Circumstances
Philippians 4:7 attaches peace not to our standing but to our situation, and it comes with stated terms:
H J VinePeace with God is ours as the result of what Christ has done; the peace of God is ours as the result of what we do... Anxious about nothing; prayerful and thankful to God in everything. Peace with God is ours through faith; this is ours through prayer and thanksgiving.
Hannah, the childless woman of 1 Samuel who wept before the Lord, is offered as the picture of how this exchange works:
Hamilton SmithHow did this difference come about? Was it a change of circumstances, or the removal of what caused the sorrow? Not at all; the circumstances had not altered; she was still the barren woman. The secret of the change is that she had poured out her soul before the Lord... Her sorrow is poured out and God's peace is poured in.
No Peace for the Wicked
Isaiah 57:21 and Jeremiah's complaint about prophets who cry "peace, peace" stand as the dark side of the subject:
F. B. HoleThe peace is only for those who are brought into right relations with God. It is not for the wicked who, far from Him, are as restless as the sea. The winds keep the sea in constant agitation. Satan, who is "the prince of the power of the air," keeps the wicked in a condition like the sea, and all their visible actions are like "mire and dirt."
A Sword Now, Peace Over All Later
Christ said He came to bring a sword, not peace — which sits oddly beside "He is our peace." Commentators resolve it by timing and by purpose. On the effect of His coming now:
Leslie M. GrantHe did not come to send peace on earth, that is, to make men comfortable with one another while still in a state of guilt. Rather, His presence is like a sharp, dividing sword, bringing into focus the reality of some and the rebellion of others.
On the scope still to come, Colossians 1:20 reaches past individuals:
H J VineUniversal disturbance came in through sin; peace and reconciliation result universally from its removal by Him who died and rose again... Israel will rejoice in the Saviour soon as "the Prince of Peace"... but righteousness, peace and joy shall fill the earth, and the heavens likewise.
Making Peace
Matthew 5:9 and Romans 12:18 turn the gift into a task, with the limits honestly stated:
Andrew MillerEveryone who knows human nature and the affairs of life knows how hard it is to live at peace with all. The apostle admits the difficulty and limits the command by saying, "If possible"... The Christian is called not only to keep peace, but to be a peacemaker, and a blessing of unusual honour belongs to all such.
Summary
- Made — peace was made at the cross, not by our repentance or surrender; you cannot make what Christ already finished.
- Received — it becomes yours the moment you know you are justified; before that there were only doubts and fears.
- Kept — Christ left peace for the conscience and gave His own peace for the heart, so we need not be troubled while He is away.
- Guarded — the peace of God comes on stated terms: anxious for nothing, prayerful and thankful in everything.
- Coming — His presence divides now like a sword; the same blood that made your peace will one day fill earth and heaven with it.