What does the Bible say about family?
Family is not a human invention in Scripture but a set of relationships God set up at creation and then regulated in detail through the letters of the New Testament. The question is what those passages actually ask of husbands, wives, children and parents — and how far Christ's claim reaches into the home.
Where the family starts
Commentators trace the home back to Eden and note that becoming a Christian does not dissolve it or replace it.
T. B. BainesThe family is especially dealt with in the letters that treat of the Church... Family relationships were instituted by God in Eden, and confirmed after the fall. Christianity does not change their outward character, but pours into them new and divine principles... The question is not one of rights on either side, but rather of the way in which each, as having the life of Christ, should show this in his conduct towards the other.
When Jesus was questioned about divorce, He went behind the law of Moses to Genesis 2:24.
William KellyNot the Gospel only, but the beginning of creation, bore its witness to the true thought of God, who made them male and female. How admirably the Lord applies, not only the fact of Genesis 1, but the words of Genesis 2:24!
The passages that set the order
The clearest instruction sits in two parallel blocks: Ephesians 5:22 – 6:9 and Colossians 3:18 – 4:1.
Edward DennettThe husband is the head... The authority put into his hands is from the Lord, and it is his to use for Him, and it cannot therefore be handed over to another. The wife is in subjection to her husband, even as the Church is subject to Christ, the husband on his part having to love his wife even as Christ loved the Church, and gave Himself for it. The responsibility of children is to obey their parents in the Lord. Their obedience is to be absolute, qualified only by the condition — in the Lord.
Scripture also records what happens when this collapses, and the same writer points to households whose failure is preserved as a warning.
Edward DennettThe happiness of the families of Eli, Samuel, David, and many others, was wrecked simply because the parents in these cases did not establish and uphold the divine governmental order. And not only was the happiness of the family destroyed, but the sin, whether of parental failure or of the children's disobedience, brought with it the divine judgment.
Children: obedience "in the Lord"
Ephesians 6:1-3 takes a duty everyone recognises and attaches it to Christ, and it comes with a promise — the first commandment that does.
The Christian's FriendThe subjection of children to their parents is part of God's order as seen in nature... Christianity takes up the obligation, but transplants it from natural to divine ground... It is not merely the dictate of nature, though perfectly right, but the acknowledgment of the Lord's claims as represented in the parents. The blessed Lord Himself, who "learned obedience," was the beautiful example of this. Of Him in His lifetime it is recorded that He went with His parents to Nazareth, and was subject to them.
Those two words also mark where a parent's authority stops.
Edward DennettPlaced under parental authority, they are at the same time recognised as being under responsibility to Christ... the commands of the parent, when rightly given, have a divine sanction, so that the child not only obeys the parent, but also the Lord. On the other hand, no command could be binding to which obedience in the Lord could not be rendered... It could not be right for the child to do anything which would be sin against the Lord.
Fathers: nurture, not provocation
Ephesians 6:4 gives fathers the harder half — a prohibition and a lifelong task. One writer notes the word behind "nurture" is the family of words that gives us nurse and nourishment, and draws out both the duty and its limit:
A. J. PollockFrom their earliest years parents should seek to teach their children the Scriptures, and store their minds with them, encouraging them to learn certain portions. All this, however, is like laying the paper and wood in the grate. God, by His Holy Spirit, must strike the light that shall produce the fire.
Marriage carries a larger meaning
Paul quotes Genesis 2:24 in Ephesians 5:31, and commentators see the marriage of the first pair as a picture drawn long before it was explained.
A. J. PollockAdam falls into a deep sleep, out of his side is taken a rib, and from it a woman is built, and God Himself marries our first parents. Is not this a beautiful picture of Christ and the church? He falls into the deep sleep of death, and through His death is formed His Bride.
God links a household to its head
From Noah onward, Scripture keeps joining a man to his house — and the jailer of Philippi hears the same phrase in Acts 16:31.
F. B. HoleWe often quote Acts 16:31, but too often we leave out the last three words. God loves to identify a man's house with himself and include them in His offer of blessing. Why do we not more often take hold of this fact in our faith?
Joshua's declaration in Joshua 24:15 is read the same way.
C. H. MackintoshHe felt it was not enough that he himself should be personally free from all contact with the defilements of idolatry; he had also to look well to the moral character and practical condition of his house.
When Christ's claim outranks the home
Luke 14:26 and Matthew 10:37 sound like the opposite of everything above. Commentators read the "hate" as comparative, not literal, and narrow the case sharply:
The Bible TreasuryThere is only one case in which the Lord shows the necessity of forsaking father and mother, and that is when the child is commanded to forsake Christ; in every other it is sin against Him who said long ago, "Honour your father and your mother," and also through the apostle, "Children, obey your parents."
Summary
- Instituted — the family was set up by God in Eden and confirmed after the fall; Christ pointed back to Genesis 2:24 as God's own thought about marriage.
- Ordered — Ephesians 5–6 and Colossians 3–4 assign each member a duty: subjection, sacrificial love, obedience, nurture. The question is never rights, but conduct.
- Anointed — every duty is tied to "the Lord": the wife as to the Lord, children in the Lord, fathers in His nurture, servants as serving Him.
- Bounded — a parent's authority carries divine sanction, yet no command binds a child that would be sin against the Lord; only a demand to forsake Christ overrides the family tie.
- Enlarged — God links a man's house with himself, in Noah, in Joshua, in the Philippian jailer, so a believing head may claim his household in faith.