Esther 3: Haman's decree, and a city thrown into confusion

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Esther 2:8ESV

So when the king's order and his edict were proclaimed, and when many young women were gathered in the citadel in custody of Hegai, Esther also was taken into the king's palace and put in custody of Hegai, who had charge of the women.

ESV

The couriers went out hurriedly by order of the king, and the decree was issued in the citadel. And the king and Haman sat down to drink, but the city of was thrown into confusion.

Esther 4:8ESV

Mordecai also gave him a copy of the written decree issued in for their destruction, that he might show it to Esther and explain it to her and command her to go to the king to beg his favor and plead with him on behalf of her people.

Haman the Agagite is raised above every official of the empire, and when Mordecai will not bow to him he sets out to destroy every Jew in every province. He casts the lot, pur, for a day, buys the king's consent, and sends letters sealed with the king's ring to all a hundred and twenty-seven provinces. The chapter names one place, and only at its end: the decree is published in Susa the citadel, and while the king and Haman sit down to drink, the city of Susa is thrown into confusion.

Map of Esther 3: Haman's decree, and a city thrown into confusion — 1 sites plotted

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Verse 15: the citadel where the decree is issued, and the city around it that hears it with dismay.

  • The winter capital of the Persian kings, on the plain of Elam below the Zagros, and the stage for the whole book. The ESV's “Susa the citadel” is the fortified royal quarter on its mound, set apart from the city around it. All 500 votes put it at modern Shush, in Iran's Khuzestan.

    Today: Shush, Khuzestan, Iran

Esther 3, verse by verse

  1. Esther 3:15The couriers went out hurriedly by order of the king, and the decree was issued in the citadel. And the king and Haman sat down to drink, but the city of was thrown into confusion.