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Matteo 5:10

Blessed they who are persecuted on account of righteousness, for *theirs* is the kingdom of the heavens.

Commento di questo versetto

"Blessed are they which are persecuted for righteousness' sake: for theirs is the kingdom of heaven"

This final beatitude turns a corner. The seven that precede it describe what the disciple is; this one describes what will happen to him because of what he is. The writers on stempublishing.com draw out both the structural beauty of its placement and the searching practical edge of its promise.

The turning point of the Beatitudes

Andrew Miller calls this "The Beatitude of Position" and explains that it completes a picture which would otherwise be incomplete:

Were it not that we leave the children of the kingdom in a hostile world, we might here conclude our "Meditations," in the full assurance of their perfect blessedness. Seven times blessed is divine completeness. But however blessed, however happy in the divine presence... they still stand in this world just where they stood before they were born of God, and surrounded it may be with the same persons and circumstances as they ever were.

Andrew Miller

He continues:

So far, it will be observed, we have spoken chiefly of the character of God's children, now we turn to meditate for a little on their position in an evil world. The moral character of those who belong to Christ rising in grace to the seventh beatitude, must necessarily arouse the spirit of persecution, and expose them to trial, until the kingdom of heaven is set up in power and glory.

Miller notes the gracious touch of the Lord who anticipates how strange this must sound:

Had no special blessing been pronounced on this condition of things the disciples might have been ready to say that their state was anything but blessed; that the benediction of heaven on their character only brought down upon themselves the hatred and oppression of mankind... But oh, the grace, the rich, the abounding grace, of our Lord Jesus! He pronounces those twice blessed who are exposed to persecution from the world.

The structural echo — why "kingdom of heaven" returns here

William Kelly draws attention to the precise architecture of the passage. This beatitude mirrors the very first one and answers back to the first group of four, all characterized by righteousness:

This is evidently to begin over again. The first blessedness was, "Blessed are the poor in spirit; for theirs is the kingdom of heaven;" and the next three were all marked by righteousness... But here it is not so much what they are, as what their lot is from others. The last two beatitudes speak of their portion in the world from the hands of other people. The first four are characterized by intrinsic righteousness — the last three by intrinsic grace. These two, then, answer, one to the first four, and the other to the last three.

William Kelly

Kelly presses the reason why the kingdom of heaven returns as the promise:

This does not go beyond the blessed state of things that the power of God will bring in upon the earth in connection with the Messiah. Being rejected, the kingdom of heaven is His with a stronger and deeper title, as it were — certainly with the means of blessing by grace for the lost. A suffering and despised Messiah is still dearer to the heart of God than if received all at once. And if He does not lose the kingdom because He was persecuted, neither do they.

Where to fix the eye

Kelly turns the verse into a pointed question of motive. The test is not who persecutes, but why:

Persecuted, not merely by the Gentiles or the Jews, but for righteousness' sake. Do not be looking at the people that persecute you, but at the reason why you are persecuted. If it is because you desire to be found in obedience to the will of God, blessed are you. You fear to sin? you suffer for it? Blessed are they which suffer for righteousness' sake: they will have their portion with the Messiah Himself.

What "righteousness' sake" actually looks like

Miller gives a concrete illustration so the verse cannot remain abstract:

For example, a Christian who is walking with the Lord, fears to do what is wrong, he desires to do what is right; he seeks to maintain a conscience void of offence towards God and towards man. This is the breastplate of righteousness. But he is offered, it may be, certain preferment in his position if he will agree to do something which he fears not to be right. The offer may be a tempting one and he is needy; but no; he waits on the Lord; he brings the matter before Him; light shines, the tempter's object is seen, he positively refuses; righteousness prevails, but he suffers for it. He is misunderstood, is called foolish, or it may be fanatic and madman. He not only loses what was offered, but what he had; he is no use, he is turned out. Still he can say, My present loss, under the righteous government of God, will prove my eternal gain.

Why v. 10 is not the same as v. 11

Miller is careful to distinguish this verse from the one that follows. Verse 10 covers a suffering that even a merely upright man may taste; verse 11 rises higher:

This is a much higher thing than suffering for righteousness' sake, though the two may often go together. Many an upright mind has suffered for righteousness' sake, who knew not the Saviour's love or His saving grace. Naturally upright, they would not stoop to deceive, and suffered for it. Even natural uprightness is too straight for the crooked ways of this sad, deceitful world.

Kelly makes the same distinction in slightly different words:

There is something still more precious than righteousness, and that is Christ. And when you have Christ, you can have nothing higher... The difference is just this: when a man suffers for righteousness' sake, it supposes that some evil has been put before him which he refuses... Righteousness prevails, and he suffers.

The modern form of persecution

Miller anticipates the objection that persecution has largely gone out of fashion, and answers it with characteristic bite:

There may be more than thou art aware of. The Christianity that is positive and aggressive, and pursues its path outside the camp where Jesus suffered, must taste the bitterness, or rather the sweetness, of persecution. Such Christians will be avoided, if not despised, by those in favour with the world. The outside place, the unworldly life, is a stinging rebuke to the time-serving, or merely professing Christian.

And he warns that the cold sneer is only a softer form of the old fire:

So far this may be harmless, thou wilt say; true, it opens no dungeons, it breaks no bones, it kindles no fires, it sharpens no swords: but how much further would the spirit of persecution go if let loose? Let the history of the church say.

Synthesis

Matthew 5:10 stands where it does by deliberate design. The first four beatitudes trace the soul's interior righteousness, the next three its outflowing grace — and just where the portrait seems complete, the Lord adds a line about the world outside the frame. Being what He has described will bring opposition; the deeper the likeness to Him, the surer the suffering.

But the promise is neither an apology nor a consolation prize. The identical phrase that opened the Beatitudes — "theirs is the kingdom of heaven" — closes this one, and with an even stronger title, because a despised and rejected Messiah holds the kingdom by a deeper right, and His persecuted disciples share it on the same ground. The test, as Kelly urges, is not who opposes you but why you are opposed: if it is because you feared to sin and obeyed God instead, the word of Christ has already settled the account — blessed. The loss is momentary, the kingdom is theirs, and the Lord Himself has gone this way first.