Who is that coming up from the wilderness, leaning on her beloved? Under the apple tree I awakened you. There your mother was in labor with you; there she who bore you was in labor.
Song of Solomon 8:5 · ESVView all translations

The Song has asked before who is coming up from the wilderness, but now the watchers see two figures — a bride walking out of the desert, held up by the one she loves. The verse then looks back to an apple tree, where He first awakened her.

The question of the onlookers

Hamilton Smith traces the bride's path to this point.

The bride comes out of the wilderness leaning upon the arm of her Beloved, and the daughters of Jerusalem ask, "Who is this?" In the fourth song the bride had sought and found the Bridegroom. In the fifth song she had held sweet and secret communion with Him. But now, at last, she stands before the whole world in His company, and in dependence upon Him. The wilderness wanderings lie behind her; the glory shines before her.

Hamilton Smith

What is new since chapter 3

The same question opens Song 3:6. Kelly asks what has changed.

Is He now only "like columns of smoke, perfumed with myrrh and frankincense, with all the fragrant powders of a merchant" (Song 3:6)? No. There is another object. It is now "Who is that coming up from the wilderness, leaning on her beloved?" Here we see that it is not now the Bridegroom. She has a vision of herself — of herself united to the Bridegroom. Before, it was more His coming to her, or for her.

William Kelly

Two exits from the wilderness

Israel had come up out of the wilderness once before. Kelly finds the difference in what the people leaned on.

Long ago the people had come up out of it, and God showed wonders of goodness and power. But it was all in vain. They did not lean on the Lord or His Christ. They leaned on self and law, and for sinful man — which is what they were — that can only mean death and condemnation. It will be far different when the generation to come comes out of the wilderness leaning upon the beloved. What brings about so great a change? "Under the apple tree I awakened you. There your mother was in labor with you." Christ is meant by that tree. It is His to awaken her from her long sleep and give her the life that alone lives to God.

William Kelly

The meaning of "leaning"

Leaning is not something the bride achieves. Hamilton Smith shows what stands in our way.

We wander and fall, but grace brings us up out of our wanderings leaning upon Christ, just as the bride leans on her beloved. We fall, like Peter, because we lean on our own love for Christ. In tender grace He lifts us up and brings us to lean on His great love for us... Pride makes it hard to own our nothingness and His fulness, our weakness and His strength, and so to find all our resources in Him... "Leaning" is weakness clinging to strength. John leaned on Jesus' breast (John 13:23), and that is leaning on the love of One in whom all fulness dwells.

Hamilton Smith

Another writer turns this into a test we can apply to our own past.

Look back over our past life. In every time of failure, straying or defeat, we were not leaning upon Him. The secret of all failure in the Christian's life can be traced to this. He has never failed anyone who leans upon Him.

The Song of Solomon

Awakened under the apple tree

The second half of the verse looks back to her beginning.

Christ is the apple tree, and grace is our mother. We owe our very existence as Christians to the sovereign grace of God... We are born again through His grace that has worked in our hearts in connection with Christ. No sinner can ever be saved until he flees to Christ for refuge. "There she who bore you was in labor." There under His shadow grace brought us forth and made us new creatures in Christ Jesus.

The Song of Solomon

The debt is not the bride's alone.

Now the bride depends happily on the Bridegroom's love. She must never forget that she owes the Beloved every blessing she has, from the moment she was brought forth in weakness... Take a wandering believer brought back to fellowship and open service. Take wandering Israel brought back to glory on earth. Take a ruined and scattered church shown in perfect heavenly glory. All will owe their position to the sovereign grace of the Lord that awakened us, brought us out of our degradation, and joined us to Himself.

Hamilton Smith

Summary

- Awakened — the journey starts under the apple tree. Christ is that tree, and no sinner is saved until he flees to Him for refuge.

- Leaning — leaning is weakness clinging to strength. Pride must go before we own our nothingness and His fulness.

- Contrast — the first generation came up from the wilderness leaning on self and law, and it was all in vain. The change is in who carries the weight.

- Displayed — after seeking, finding and secret fellowship, the world now sees her with Him, leaning on Him.

- Debt — restored believer, restored Israel, church in glory: grace awakened each one and gave it its place.

Reviewed by Orion on September 5, 2026