What is that coming up from the wilderness like columns of smoke, perfumed with myrrh and frankincense, with all the fragrant powders of a merchant?
A figure rises out of the desert in a column of smoke, carrying the scent of rich spices. Two questions drive the verse: who is coming up, and why the desert of all places should smell so sweet.
The Question Asked by Onlookers
The question comes from onlookers, not from the bride or the King. The ESV reads "What is that," while older translations read "Who is this." One writer works from that older wording.
Hamilton SmithIn this song we no longer see the bride resting on her bed. We no longer see her calling on the grace of the Bridegroom to stir her tired energy and wake her fading love. Instead she enjoys the communion of love. She is coming up from the wilderness on her way to share the glories of the King. The daughters of Jerusalem ask, "Who is this?" or, as it can be translated, "Who is she?"
Commentators differ here. Another writer reads the scene as the Bridegroom Himself, and contrasts how Israel and the church meet Him.
Andrew MillerFrom Song 3:6 to the end of the chapter, we have a prophetic view of the Bridegroom. He comes out of the wilderness with His bride… The Jews do not rise, as the church does, to meet the Lord in the air. He goes to where they are. The spirit of prophecy tells us that they were in the wilderness together. It was there that He revealed Himself to her, in His unchanging love as the true Messiah.
Why the Wilderness
The desert is not an accident in the story. It is where God hid the Jewish remnant, and where He worked on her.
The Every Christian's Handbook seriesSo we see chapter 3:6 as a beautiful picture of the remnant at the end of the great tribulation. The Lord Himself brings her up from the place of refuge He had provided for her. There He had fed her, spoken comfort to her, and purified her by the fiery trials she has passed through. The fire only burned up the dross and purified the silver. That is always the case when the Lord's beloved ones go through fiery trials.
Smoke, Myrrh and Frankincense
Each part of the image stands for something in the experience of the Lord's own.
The Every Christian's Handbook seriesSmoke is the result of fire. The myrrh, the frankincense and all the perfumed powders of the eastern merchant stand for those graces that the Spirit of God produces in the heart. They give a sweet fragrance of Christ to the Lord's own who have been passing through deep trials. She has not only been purified and made beautiful by the trials. Through His tender care, and His speaking comfort to her, she has also learned to know the Lord in a fuller, richer way.
Perfume Gathered in the Desert
The spices come from desert plants. That detail carries the lesson over to the Church's own journey.
Hamilton SmithThe Church has her wilderness journey too. It is the time of her pilgrimage on earth, before the end comes in heavenly glory… The wilderness has its privileges as well as its hardships… It matters spiritually that the powders of the merchant are made from plants gathered in the wilderness. The trials, the testings and the hardships of our wilderness journey, when we take them from the hand of God, become the occasion for developing the graces of Christ. Those graces rise up as a sweet fragrance even now.
The Opposite Fragrance
Hardship does not sweeten anyone by itself. What decides the outcome is where we keep God when trouble comes.
Hamilton SmithAnd we, like Paul, can turn our hardships into privileges. We only need to see that every trial is a God-sent opportunity to call out some Christian grace. Sadly, the trials along the way so often call out some ugly display of the flesh — its tempers and its violence, its envy and its pride, its impatience and its complaining. We open the door to the flesh by letting our wilderness circumstances come between our souls and God. Let us just keep God between ourselves and our circumstances. Then they really will call out the graces of Christ.
Not the Last Word
This scene is one stage in a pattern. The Song returns to the same picture later, with a difference.
J. N. DarbyNote that in each case, once the bride has had the Bridegroom rest in His love, she sees Him coming, or He is seen coming… In chapter 3:6, He comes in royal splendour and power, in Israel, as king Solomon on his wedding day. In chapter 8:5, she is seen coming up out of the desolation, where she had been, leaning on her Beloved.
Summary
- Wilderness — the desert is the appointed place of refuge, where He nourishes her, speaks comfort to her, and purifies her by fire.
- Fire — smoke is the result of fire; the trial burns off the dross before anything fragrant rises.
- Fragrance — the myrrh, frankincense and merchant's powders stand for graces the Spirit produces. Their plants grow in the wilderness itself.
- Choice — the same trials can call out the flesh instead. Keep God between yourself and your circumstances, not your circumstances between you and God.
- Answer — watchers ask who this is coming up from the desert. By chapter 8 she is seen leaning on her Beloved.