I will throw filth at you and treat you with contempt and make you a spectacle.
God speaks in the first person here, and every verb is His: the filth, the contempt, the spectacle. Why would God shame Nineveh in public, in front of the very nations she had ruined, instead of ending her quietly?
God Himself Against Nineveh
The threat is not the ordinary rise and fall of empires. One commentator points to who is speaking, and what moves Him.
William KellyNext comes the stern condemnation of the Lord. He once spared her, but now He would have Nineveh know that this was no mere jealousy of others. It was His own resolve to disgrace her — she who had so enjoyed herself and misled others.
A Harlot's Punishment
Nineveh's crime shapes her sentence.
Arno Clemens GaebeleinShe had acted the harlot, and now she receives a harlot's punishment: public exposure. The righteous God stripped her of everything and exposed her shame. She would be a public spectacle for nations and kingdoms. There would be no one to lament over the vile mistress of witchcrafts.
What Made Her Vile
The filth God throws at her is not random. Nineveh had traded in witchcraft, and one writer follows where that trade leads.
Arno Clemens GaebeleinLike all these ancient cities she was full of witchcrafts, that is, sorceries. The power of darkness showed itself in the rule of evil spirits, which Nineveh courted... Egypt, Babylon, Nineveh and other centres of paganism were full of occultism. Practising it hastened their doom. The same evil powers will complete the doom of our own age.
Judgment Long Delayed
This is not the first word Nineveh received from God. Jonah had walked her streets generations earlier, and she had listened.
Other AuthorsA hundred and fifty years before, God had sent warning to the guilty city by His servant Jonah. Nineveh received the message and turned in repentance to God. But the generation Jonah preached to had passed away. Nineveh had returned to her vileness and wickedness, as a sow goes back to her wallowing in the mire. God waited a century and a half before stepping in with judgment. That proved He was longsuffering in grace. But the time for judgment was now at hand, and those whom Nineveh had oppressed and afflicted could lift up their heads and rejoice.
But what did that repentance secure for the city itself?
J. G. BellettThe repentance in Jonah's day secured nothing, just as the Reformation in Christendom secured nothing. It did not prepare Nineveh for glory, or for a place in the kingdom of God.
The World's Pride in a Single City
Why does Scripture spend three chapters on the fall of one ancient capital? Because Nineveh stands for something that outlives her.
J. N. DarbyEgypt, Babylon and Nineveh stand out for what they morally represent. Egypt is the world in its natural condition, out of which the people have come. Babylon is corruption in the activity of power, by which the people are enslaved. Nineveh is the haughty glory of the world, which recognises nothing but its own importance. By its pride alone, the world is the open enemy of God's people. She will be judged like all the rest, and will disappear for ever under the judgment of the Almighty.
The city fell as foretold. But does the prophecy stop there?
An Outline of Sound WordsNahum's prediction came true, but the prophecy also served to bring out what would happen at the end. Nineveh, the capital city of Assyria, is long gone. Yet the judgment on Nineveh describes what will come upon the nation that bears the character of the Assyrian in the last days. It may reach his territory too.
Summary
- Pride — Nineveh is the haughty glory of the world. She recognises nothing but her own importance, and that is the pride this verse answers.
- Patience — God waited 150 years after Jonah before He acted. He was longsuffering in grace, not indifferent.
- Exposure — She played the harlot, so she gets a harlot's sentence. God strips her and makes her a spectacle before the watching nations.
- Emptiness — Repentance that lasts one generation secures nothing. Nineveh went back to her old wickedness, and judgment followed.
- Warning — The same evil powers that hastened Nineveh's doom are still at work. Her fall is a preview of the end, not a one-off.