for there are eunuchs which have been born thus from [their] mother's womb; and there are eunuchs who have been made eunuchs of men; and there are eunuchs who have made eunuchs of themselves for the sake of the kingdom of the heavens. He that is able to receive [it], let him receive [it].
The disciples heard how binding marriage is and concluded it would be safer not to marry at all. His reply names three kinds of people who live outside marriage. Two are so by circumstance. One is so by choice, for the kingdom of heaven. Then He hands it back to us: only some can receive it.
The disciples' conclusion was wrong
Their reaction was not faith but self-protection, and it collided with what God had already said about man being alone.
Numerical Bible NotesThe disciples show what is in their own hearts. "If such is the case of a man with his wife," they say, "it is better not to marry." And the Lord replies: "Not all have capacity for this, but those to whom it has been given." The word of God said from the beginning that "it is not good that the man should be alone." That is the very passage our Lord has been pointing us back to. So we cannot expect the gift to remain alone to be anything but exceptional.
Three classes, and only one is chosen
Two of the three groups have no say in the matter. The third does.
Morrish Bible DictionaryThe Lord distinguished three classes of eunuchs: those who were born that way; those made so by men; and those who have made themselves so for the kingdom of heaven's sake. Matt. 19:12. It is the second class that is otherwise mentioned in Scripture. They often became men of influence in the eastern courts, and had charge of the harems.
The third class is a figure of speech
Commentators are agreed that the last group is not describing bodily mutilation but a way of life.
William KellyThe last of the three classes in the verse is expressed figuratively: it plainly means living unmarried for God's glory. But note, it is a gift, not a law, much less a caste. It is put as a privilege.
A second writer rules out any idea of duty or church rule:
Arno Clemens GaebeleinThis does not mean mutilation. It is not a law, not an obligation, nor a "sacrament." … "Let the one who is able to receive this receive it." It is then something to be received, a gift from above.
Nature is upheld, not despised
The Lord has just defended marriage as God's arrangement from the beginning. What follows does not cancel that; it rises above it.
J. N. DarbyAnother power has come in. It is not nature but divine, working in the power of the Spirit of God. It came because nature is all ruined and the power of evil is in the world. Nature is no answer to that, because nature is the very thing that is ruined. So a power comes in which is above nature, being of God, but which for that reason owns nature as He made it, and owns His institutions. To break them is sin; to live above them is the gift of God.
The kingdom of heaven is the key phrase in the verse. It points to Christ where He now is:
William KellyNotice, it is "made themselves eunuchs for the sake of the kingdom of heaven" — that order of things which depends on Christ now in heaven. So, strong in the grace that shines in Him at the right hand of God, those to whom it is given walk above the natural ties of life. They do not despise those ties. They honour them, while each one gives himself up to that good portion which shall not be taken from them.
What produces it
The motive is not discipline or rule-keeping. It is a stronger attachment crowding out a lesser one.
James McBroomWe have looked at marriage as the richest blessing in nature. Here is a power brought in by grace, and it carries someone above nature altogether. There is nothing here of law, of grim self-denial, or of church rule. It may be best explained by the well-known phrase: "the expulsive power of a new affection." It is the blessed power of the grace of heaven working in the heart. It shapes the life so that a person is so controlled by the interests of Christ that he gives up what is his proper portion as a man here on earth.
Paul lived it
The apostle Paul is named repeatedly as the clearest example — a man whose work would have been crippled by family ties.
William KellyThe apostle Paul was acting in the spirit of this verse when he gives his own judgment as one who "by the Lord's mercy is trustworthy" (1 Cor. 7:25). No doubt he was called to a remarkable work that would have made proper attention to family relationships very difficult. … With a wife or family to care for, the Lord's work could not have been done so thoroughly. Hence the wise and gracious judgment of the apostle, not given as a command, but left to weigh on the spiritual mind.
When a gift becomes a rule
Turn a gift into a rule and you destroy the thing you were trying to protect.
William KellyThe unmarried state has its advantages where grace gives the right inward condition. But this is not given to all, and it is not of man's will but of divine grace. Make it a law, and the grace is destroyed. Sin, shame, and misery quickly follow, and they show how wise God's ways are and how foolish Christendom's are.
The other failure is taking the words literally. Origen, an early teacher, read this verse and acted on it physically:
The Bible TreasuryOrigen was a greater scholar than any man who ever wrote on figures of speech, and could explain the simile, metaphor, and every other figure better than most; yet he fell victim to a glaring misunderstanding of our Lord's words in Matt. 19:12.
Summary
- Given, not grasped. The saying is only for "those to whom it has been given" — a gift from above, never a target to aim at by willpower.
- Gift, not law. It is a privilege, "not a law, much less a caste"; make it compulsory and the grace in it is destroyed.
- Above nature, not against it. Marriage stays God's institution: to break it is sin, to live above it is the gift of God.
- Driven by affection. Not discipline but "the expulsive power of a new affection" — a heart so taken with Christ's interests that it lets go of its rightful portion.
- Proved in Paul. His judgment on singleness was "not given as a command, but left to weigh on the spiritual mind" — the pattern for anyone who thinks this word is for them.