Will they not teach you and tell you and utter words out of their understanding?
Bildad's first speech tells Job to ask the generations that came before. One man's life is too short to judge by. Verse 10 is his confidence that those earlier voices will answer. But commentators ask whether the wisdom of the past can settle a question about God's ways at all.
The ground Bildad stands on
Bildad's method differs from that of the friend who spoke before him. One writer sets the two side by side:
F. B. HoleIn verses 8-10, Bildad showed where he stood in the argument that was developing. He valued highly the piled-up treasures of human wisdom. Even in those far-off days, people could search records kept from still earlier times. Eliphaz argued from his own observation — what he had seen himself. Bildad argued from tradition — what could be learned from the records of earlier days. He did not trust a conclusion drawn from one person's experience, since a man's days on earth are only "a shadow."
An argument that turns back on his friend
Bildad says we were born yesterday and know nothing. That admission cuts against his friend:
Leslie M. GrantIn this, Bildad contradicted what Eliphaz had said. If Eliphaz was born only "yesterday", what value was his observation? But Bildad's appeal to tradition was just as empty as the appeal of Eliphaz to observation, for Bildad came to the wrong conclusion too.
Why the voice of many is still not enough
Many wise voices sound humbler than one man's eyes. One writer grants that, then takes it apart:
C. H. MackintoshThe authority of many "fathers" carries much more weight and respect than the experience of a single individual. What is more, letting many wise and learned men guide you shows much more modesty than following the light of your own experience. But the fact is that neither experience nor tradition will do... As for tradition, it is a mass of confusion — one father differs from another, and nothing can be more slippery or uncertain than the voice of tradition.
Whose heart the words come from
The ESV has the fathers uttering words "out of their understanding." The older translation used below reads "out of their heart," and one writer's answer turns on that word:
William KellySo Bildad goes on with this: "Will they not teach you, and tell you, and utter words out of their heart?" But we want the words out of God's heart. Only His heart can do that... and their thoughts were no better than the marsh plant that grew out of the water, or the reed that grew out of the mud.
How far back to go
Bildad points backwards for the answer. The same writer agrees with the direction, but not with where Bildad stops:
William KellyThose are the two ways in which men are apt to slip away from the truth — confidence in self; confidence in other people no better than oneself; confidence in anyone but God. So he says, "Enquire, I pray you, of the former age" — for people think that a little further back is where we should go. Why, beloved friends, we want to go back to the beginning; we want to go back to God's beginning.
Three men, three methods, no answer
Bildad's ear for the past is one of three human methods tried in this book. All three end in the same place:
George DavisonEliphaz used his eyes; Bildad used his ears; and Zophar used his brains. Not one of them found the solution to this problem by human wisdom, however they gained that wisdom... Had it depended upon our eyes, or our ears, or our brains, what should we have known of these wonderful things?
What we have that Bildad did not
The verse assumes the past can teach. One writer weighs that against what God has given since:
Samuel RidoutWhile this is true, what does the gathered wisdom of all the past give us when the question is God's truth? We are not to turn to the past, but to God and His word. Those who have the "sure word of prophecy," "the oracles of God," are in a position far beyond compare.
Summary
- Ears — Bildad's authority is what earlier generations handed down, not what he has seen for himself.
- Yesterday — his own words, that we know nothing, cancel the observation his friend argued from.
- Many hearts — the fathers disagree with each other, so the voice of a crowd of men is no steadier than one man's.
- God's heart — the verse offers words out of their heart; what a sufferer needs is words out of God's heart.
- The beginning — the cure is not a little further back in the past. It is God's beginning, and now His written word.