His underparts are like sharp potsherds; he spreads himself like a threshing sledge on the mire.
In His final answer to Job, God describes one creature Job cannot touch. Verse 30 turns to the animal's belly — the place a hunter would look for a weak spot — and finds another layer of armour.
The Creature Described
What kind of creature is leviathan? One writer names the crocodile, but leaves room for an animal we no longer see:
Leslie M. GrantLeviathan was a water creature. He appears to be the crocodile, the most fearsome of all water animals — unless it was another similar animal, now extinct.
The Underside
Verse 30 sets two pictures side by side: broken pottery, and a sledge dragged over soft ground. One writer notes how few words the description needs:
William KellyNo account could be shorter or more expressive than the one of his lower parts. The underside is like the sharpest broken pottery, as he rolls it like a sledge over the rivers.
No Vital Spot
The verses just before name one weapon after another and dismiss each one. Verse 30 finishes the list: there is nowhere left to strike.
Samuel RidoutEven if a sword should touch him, it fails to wound. No weapon, from a distance or close at hand, can reach a vital spot. He tramples iron down like straw, brass like rotten wood. The arrow cannot make him flee, and the flying sling-stone is like harmless chaff. He mocks darts and spears. His under parts, lying flat on the earth, are not weak, but like strong pieces of broken pottery.
Mire as Protection
One writer sees behind the crocodile a ruler with a kingdom of his own. On that reading the mud is not a weakness either:
Samuel RidoutThis is God's picture of the creature. Can we doubt that He would also draw from it the more dreadful description of "the Beast," and of the self-will that makes him what he is? "Who is like the beast, and who can fight against it?" (Revelation 13:4)... The very "mire" of the people, for the time at least, protects him. The turmoil he creates in the earth, marking it with ruin, shows his pathway. He has no equal upon earth. As the crocodile is king over all proud beasts, so this beast is king over all the children of pride. Shall Job, shall we, do him reverence and help on his kingdom?
Another writer applies the same section of the chapter to human resistance against that power, and reads verse 30 as the last door closed:
Leslie M. GrantIron and bronze weapons, arrows, darts, slingstones and javelins are useless against him (vv.27-29). Underneath too he is equipped to resist attack (v.30).
Pride Exposed
Commentators differ on how far the picture reaches. Some stay with the animal. Others see Satan behind it, and read the description as a mirror held up to Job:
Arno Clemens GaebeleinHere leviathan typifies the power of darkness. Both the behemoth and the leviathan typify Satan, his character and his rule. He is king over all the sons of pride... And here is the conclusion Job could easily draw. If he is proud then he belongs to leviathan the king who rules over the sons of pride. Jehovah has touched the secret in Job's heart. He has searched out its depths. Job has cherished pride, the Devil's crime.
The same writer turns the picture inward:
Samuel RidoutComing to the individual application, we see in this "crooked serpent" a figure of the perverted will of man. All sin has its roots in disobedience... What good is the effort to reform the world, to tame the crocodile? Men may dream and plan, and try to drive misery off the earth. But creation, groaning as it is, mocks human efforts to subdue its own perverted will.
Why God Describes Him
Why give Job a whole chapter on an animal? One writer answers:
William KellyPeople talk as if God's aim was only to occupy us with His works. God does the opposite. He brings forward His works to turn us away from our own thoughts and bow us to Himself. If the works of God are so wonderful, who is the One who made them? And what is man, if he dares to judge such a God?... Do you think that after this Job was occupied with behemoth or with leviathan? Not at all, but with God; and this was the design of it all.
Summary
- Armoured. The belly, where you would expect a soft spot, is like the sharpest broken pottery. The creature has no weak side.
- Unarmed. Sword, arrow, sling-stone and spear have already failed. Verse 30 shuts the last door on human attack.
- Protected. Even the mud he lies in works for him. One writer sees here the Beast, whom no one can fight against.
- Proud. Behind the animal stands pride — the Devil's crime, and the secret God uncovered in Job's own heart.
- Bowed. The point is not the creature but the Creator. Job ends up occupied with God, not with leviathan.