that a godless man should not reign, that he should not ensnare the people.
Elihu has been arguing that the God who governs the world cannot Himself be unjust. Here he names God's purpose in overturning powerful men: rulers fall so that a godless man will not hold power and trap the people under him. (Older translations read "hypocrite" where the ESV has "godless man.")
The Close of Elihu's Defense
Job had charged God with injustice. Elihu answers by pointing to how God acts — He strikes evildoers and remembers the poor:
Samuel RidoutLastly, Elihu with few words reminds his hearers of God's actual judgments. He strikes evildoers who depart from Him. He remembers the cause of the poor and needy. So too, if He acquits and gives quietness, who can condemn? "It is God who justifies. Who is to condemn?" (Rom. 8:33-34). He puts down evil men so that the people are not ensnared by them.
God Overturns the Mighty
The removal of a corrupt ruler is not an accident of politics. God acts, and He needs no investigation first, because He already sees everything about the man:
William KellyThe mighty are removed — and not by a human hand. For all things are naked and open to the eyes of Him with whom we have to do: the ways of a man and all his steps. He does not need to look at a man a second time before that man goes before God in judgment. Without further scrutiny, He is entitled to break the mighty and to set up others in their place. He takes notice of their deeds and overturns them in a night. They are crushed as wicked and struck openly in front of others. This is for their deliberate slighting of Him and His ways, and in vindication of the poor and oppressed who cried to Him. So truly sovereign is He, and at the same time just and merciful. Nation or man makes no difference, since He is above both — so that a corrupt man may not reign and the people are not ensnared.
Nation or Individual Alike
The same hand works on both scales. What God does with an empire He also does with one sufferer. The rich are no more exempt from His scrutiny than the poor:
F. B. HoleElihu goes on to speak of the searching judgment of God, which is completely impartial. The rich are answerable to it just as much as the poor. Also there is "no darkness, nor shadow of death," where those who do evil can hide themselves. He may hide His face from the wicked — and who then can behold Him? And this is true whether a nation is in question or only an individual.
The Snare and the Safeguard
Why is a godless ruler a snare? He wants the position, and feelings rather than faith drive him. God's way of governing defeats that ambition — and the people have a safeguard too:
Leslie M. GrantGod uses each of these cases to put the hypocrite in his place (v.30). A hypocrite would like to have the place of authority, but his feelings move his thoughts, not faith. So God's sovereign wisdom defeats him, because God does things in a way that does not pamper men's feelings. People then are not snared by the hypocrite if they simply believe God.
That God removes bad rulers does not license contempt for the office itself:
William KellyA king may have his faults, but his office is one that demands reverence from men. We are not only to fear God but to honour the king.
The Lesson Pressed on Job
All of this is aimed at one man. If God governs so carefully, Job's accusation collapses. What is left is not self-defence but a plea to be taught:
Samuel RidoutIf Job has unfairly charged God in this way, he has a most important lesson to learn. What is fitting for someone in his position? Bold claims of self-righteousness and accusations against God? Or the humble admission that he was wrong to harbour such thoughts, with the prayer, "Teach me what I do not see; if I have done iniquity, I will do it no more" (v.32).
Summary
- Cause. God, not chance, removes the mighty. He overturns in a night and needs no second look at a man, because He sees everything.
- Purpose. That removal has a stated aim: a corrupt man must not reign, and the people must not be ensnared.
- Reach. The same hand governs a whole nation or one person. The rich answer to Him as much as the poor.
- Safeguard. A false ruler does not trap people who simply believe God — and respect for the ruler's office still stands.
- Response. For Job, and for anyone reading, the fitting answer is not self-defence but "Teach me what I do not see."