His soul draws near the pit, and his life to those who bring death.
The Portrait Fits Job Himself
Elihu describes a man wasted by illness until nothing stands between him and the grave — and the question the whole passage turns on is whether anyone can reach him there. One commentator shows that almost every line of this description can be matched from Job's own earlier speeches.
Samuel RidoutIf they do not listen to His word, He may send them His rod. As he expands on this, Elihu is in effect describing the case of Job. Painful chastening comes upon him, and his bones seem to wither in deadly struggle. "The night racks my bones, and the pain that gnaws me takes no rest" (Job 30:17). He is brought so low that he loathes even the food that would keep him alive... His flesh is wasted away, and his bones look and stare at him. "My bones stick to my skin and to my flesh" (Job 19:20). He is at the last of life, drawing near to the grave, or the more dreadful "pit of destruction." "I know that You will bring me to death, and to the house appointed for all living" (Job 30:23).
Elihu never says outright that this is Job. He leaves the man to recognise himself.
Samuel RidoutElihu does not say in so many words that Job has refused to listen to God's warnings, nor does he say he is describing his case exactly. He speaks of God's method of dealing with men. Has it no voice for Job? Can he not at least see that God is speaking in the affliction, and that He has something to say?
Pain on the Bed as God's Speech
The verses before this one list the ways God gets a hearing: a dream, a vision, then the sickbed.
F. B. HoleAnd again, God may speak through pain and sickness. Verses 19-22 describe it vividly. God speaks until the sufferer comes face to face with death itself. How often has a careless sinner, when struck down like this, been led to turn to God and awakened for his eternal salvation. How often too has a believer had to look back to a time of severe sickness as an occasion of much spiritual blessing.
The Aim Is Rescue, Not Ruin
The wasting away is not God finishing a man off. Elihu had already named the purpose behind it, two verses earlier.
William KellyThe man is carried away by his own will. But God knows how to bend or break it. "He keeps back his soul from the pit" — this is the merciful purpose of God's intervention — "and his life from perishing by the sword." Here is more than a dream of the night or a passing vision. Here are corrective ways, as well as glimpses of God's light, or of His judgment, which the man was despising.
The picture ends at a wall. What follows is a question.
Leslie M. GrantOne finds himself unable even to eat (v.20). Then he loses weight and becomes little more than "skin and bones," with an early death staring him in the face (vv.21-22). "His soul draws near the pit." Is there any help?
One Among a Thousand
The next verse answers with a person: a messenger, an interpreter. Both words carry weight.
Samuel RidoutThe word for "messenger" is "angel," and this suggests a supernatural revealer of the mind of God... Here we have a suggestion of the Mediator. The next word makes this stronger: "an Interpreter," or "Mediator" — one sent as an ambassador to make known the mind of God. No ordinary messenger will do; it must be "one of a thousand."
Job already had three men at his bedside. None of them could do this work.
F. B. HoleThere may be many who can sympathise and sometimes condemn the afflicted one, as Job's three friends did. To give the mind of God is another and a greater thing.
The Ransom Found
The messenger does not bring advice. He brings God's own word spoken over a dying man.
William Kelly"Then He is gracious to him, and says, Deliver him from going down into the pit; I have found a ransom." This is a vivid way of presenting what God was about to do in due time... Here we have plain enough language — perhaps as clear as any words in the Old Testament, anticipating that infinite work which we now know to be finished in the cross of Christ.
What Is Right for the Sinner
The messenger's task is "to declare to man what is right for him." One writer explains what is right for a sinner in this position.
The Christian's FriendWhat the sinner needs to be shown is what uprightness means for him: bowing before God, and owning his true state without holding back or hiding anything. This would be genuine uprightness, and it would at once draw out the response from the heart of God.
Summary
- Voice — when dreams and warnings go unheeded, God speaks through sickness on the bed. The wasting body is a message, not only a misfortune.
- Edge — the illness carries the man to the brink of the pit. There the description stops and asks: is there any help?
- Purpose — God's aim is to keep the soul back from the pit. The rod corrects, and its object is mercy.
- Messenger — help comes through an interpreter, one among a thousand, who gives the mind of God, not sympathy or blame.
- Ransom — the answer at the brink is God's own word: "I have found a ransom." Commentators read it as pointing ahead to the work finished at the cross.