Therefore snares are all around you, and sudden terror overwhelms you,
Eliphaz has just listed crimes he says Job committed — stripping the poor, sending widows away empty. This verse is his "therefore," and it raises a hard question: does a man's trouble ever prove what he has done?
The Logic of "Therefore"
Eliphaz argues in a circle, and one writer traces both directions of it:
Leslie M. GrantHe first reasons backward from the fact of Job's sufferings. He sees this trouble as the result of Job's wickedness. Then he reasons forward. He tells Job that this trouble has come upon him because he has been so wicked. This is true of many people: they argue with no basis in actual fact, but from the viewpoint of their own assumptions. Only established fact can be a true basis for discussion.
For Eliphaz, the size of the suffering fixes the size of the sin behind it:
William KellyHe treats it as absurd and insulting to suggest that anything could sway God from His unbending uprightness. So he concludes that Job's wickedness must be extreme, because God's hand has dealt with him so extremely... And if Job sent widows away with nothing, and broke the arms of orphans instead of holding them up, who could wonder that snares were all around him, and sudden terror overwhelming him? Was this not the dreadful warning of a worse judgment still to come?
Charges Without Witnesses
Eliphaz gives no evidence for any of the crimes he lists. His theory needs a cause big enough to explain the snares:
Samuel RidoutProofs? Witnesses? Who needs them, when the theory proves everything so neatly without the trouble of establishing any facts! So, out of his own "inner consciousness," the solemn, gray-haired Eliphaz produces conclusive proof that the suffering friend and patriarch in front of him is a monster of wickedness! From such friendship, and such twisting of the truth, may God deliver us.
A Rule That Proves Too Much
Behind the "therefore" lies one rule: God only strikes the guilty. Test that rule, and it breaks:
Samuel RidoutEliphaz asks Job: does not the discipline he is under prove his sin? Would God rebuke a man for being godly — for his reverence for God? So Job's sin is proven! That is an easy way, in a world of suffering, to prove a man is a sinner. But it proves too much, because it takes in every sufferer — the righteous as well as the wicked.
Snares, Fear, Darkness, Flood
Eliphaz piles up four images of Job's state: trap, terror, darkness, flood.
Samuel RidoutEliphaz ends his charge by saying that these sins explain why Job is caught as in a snare, and overwhelmed with fear. Can he not see the darkness closing around him, and the flood of waters drowning him?
Commentators differ over the next line, about darkness. Does it close this accusation, or open a new one? On the second reading, Eliphaz is quoting Job's own words back at him:
William KellyJob had already admitted in chapter 19 that God had fenced up his way so that he could not pass, and had set darkness on his paths. Eliphaz now turns that confession against him, by asking if he did not see the darkness and the flood of waters covering him.
The Warning for Us
This reasoning did not die with Eliphaz:
Samuel RidoutA man does badly in business, has illness in his family, loses loved ones — and others jump to the conclusion that God is disciplining him for some imagined fault. How cruel this is! It goes against the plain rule that "every charge must be established by the evidence of two or three witnesses." Let us be slow to suspect, and slower still to accuse a man of evil we know nothing about. Leave that to the One who searches hearts.
God's Own Verdict on This Speech
The book itself settles the argument. When God speaks at the end, the men defending God's honour are the ones in the wrong:
Arno Clemens GaebeleinThey seemed to stand up for Him and defend His character. Yet under the searchlight of the all-knowing God, who searches the hearts of men, they fall short. The charges they had brought against His servant Job were false. They had wickedly accused Job, the man God Himself had called "a blameless and upright man." In all their charges they had slandered God.
Summary
- The theory — Eliphaz starts from a rule, not from evidence: great suffering must mean great sin.
- The invention — the rule needs a cause, so he invents crimes: no proofs, no witnesses.
- The collapse — the rule proves too much; it convicts every sufferer, righteous and wicked alike.
- The cruelty — the same reasoning still turns illness, loss and failure into a charge sheet. Be slow to suspect, slower to accuse.
- The verdict — God calls this defence of His honour what it really is: slander against Him.