You renew your witnesses against me and increase your vexation toward me; you bring fresh troops against me.
Job 10:17 · ESVView all translations

Here Job pictures God as a prosecutor who keeps calling new witnesses, and as a commander who keeps sending in fresh troops. Can a suffering man's reading of his own pain be trusted? And what had Job not yet learned about the God he was accusing?

The darkest point of Job's speech

Commentators place this verse at the low point of Job's despair. The wounds on his body were not the worst of it.

And now the darkest of all. The worst of it is not the physical agony, the boils and running sores torturing him. It is the bitter awareness that he is losing his hold on God. He is starting to see Him no longer as a loving friend, but as a harsh, unmovable tyrant. It is a death struggle he is passing through. His soul is weary of his life, and so he tells out the bitterness of his heart. What accusations are here! This is bold language for a creature of dust, and for such an afflicted creature: "I will say to God — show me why You contend with me." He charges God with planning his calamity and destruction.

Arno Clemens Gaebelein

Who the witnesses are

The word "witnesses" belongs to a courtroom. One writer identifies them with the three friends sitting in front of Job.

Also God had arrayed witnesses against him in the persons of his three friends, thus increasing His indignation against Job (v.17). He felt himself continually changing from one evil to another, as though his own soul was the area of warfare.

Leslie M. Grant

Commentators differ over the closing words. One hears waves of trouble following each other; another sees an army marching in against one man.

If he sins, God would note it, and woe to him! If he is innocent he dare not lift his head. God would quickly hunt him like a fierce lion seeking prey. God would display His wonderful power, and bring up witnesses against him like a countless host of invaders. In other words, Job declares he is at the mercy of an almighty, arbitrary enemy!

Samuel Ridout

The accusation inside the complaint

This is not only a description of suffering. It is a charge laid against God's character. Elihu, who speaks later in the book, quotes these very words back to Job.

This is clear in the next words Elihu quotes: "Behold, He finds occasions (or, malicious things) against me, He counts me as His enemy" (Job 33:10). So Job had declared, "These things You have hidden in Your heart… You humble me as a fierce lion… changes and war are against me" (Job 10:13-17). "Why do You hide Your face, and hold me for Your enemy?" (Job 13:24; also Job 19:11). So the insult against divine majesty becomes glaring — Job is pure, but God treats him as impure!

Samuel Ridout

Recorded, not endorsed

A verse like this needs a rule for reading it.

We must remember this carefully. The book of Job is inspired, but it would be a great mistake to grant that the speeches are inspired. Satan's words were certainly not inspired, yet they are recorded there. Part of the profit of the book is that we have the mistakes of the speakers. Every one of the three friends was very much mistaken in what he said, and Job himself also. Only when we come to Elihu do we get the mind of God, as far as a man is inspired. Then we have Jehovah's own word clearing up all the difficulty.

William Kelly

What Job had yet to learn

One thing stands out in the accusation: Job takes it straight to God. And what he was missing, God has since shown.

But notice this in his grievous protest against God: Job still speaks to God and pleads with Him. He does so even while he is as unjust toward God as he thinks God is unjust toward him. He had yet to learn the pity and tender mercy of God, which stands above Satan's malice, in spite of it. The day had not yet come for the Only-begotten Son, in the bosom of the Father, to declare the God whom no one has seen. Nor had the day come for Him, as the Son of Man, to glorify God, even in the matter of sin, on the cross, where He also bore the sins of us who believe. How little we appreciate the value of the true light that now shines!

William Kelly

Summary

- Darkest. This verse sits at the lowest point of Job's speech. The deepest pain is not in his body but in losing his hold on God.

- Witnesses. One writer takes the witnesses as Job's three friends — evidence stacking up on a man who knows he is innocent.

- Troops. Then the battlefield: the witnesses come "like a countless host of invaders." Job concludes he is at the mercy of an almighty, arbitrary enemy.

- Charge. The complaint turns into an accusation against God's character: Job is pure, yet treated as impure. Elihu later quotes these words back to him.

- Light. The book records these words; it does not endorse them. Job had yet to learn the tender mercy that God has now shown in His Son at the cross.

Reviewed by Orion on September 18, 2026