Now Joseph had been brought down to Egypt, and Potiphar, an officer of Pharaoh, the captain of the guard, an Egyptian, had bought him from the Ishmaelites who had brought him down there.
Genesis 39 returns to Joseph after a long break in the story. His brothers sold him, traders carried him down to Egypt, and an officer of Pharaoh now owns him. The verse raises the question the chapter answers. Had God lost sight of a young slave, sold twice over by men who wanted him gone?
Where the verse stands in the story
Chapter 38 tells a completely different story, about Judah. One writer shows how the parts fit: chapter 39 picks up exactly where chapter 37 left off.
J. N. DarbyThe last verse of chapter 37 and the first verse of chapter 39 belong together. The story of Judah comes in between, a complete twenty years on its own. "At that time" only marks the general period, and the whole story is given in one piece. Scripture does this very often. Joseph is a remarkable picture of Christ; Judah is the ancestor Christ came from as a man.
Sold twice over
Twice in one verse Joseph changes hands — the traders brought him down, and Potiphar bought him. Writers ask what that change meant for a young man who had been his father's favourite — and what it was for.
The Bible TreasuryWhat a change for him! He had been first and dearest in his father's love. Then his own brothers attacked him and wanted him dead, and now he is a slave in Egypt! Had the messages God gave him in his dreams made him independent of everything that came from man, whether love or hatred, and dependent only on God? If they had, he needed that now. And that, without doubt, was the value of the discipline he was going through.
The sting was sharper because of the dreams he had been given before any of this happened.
A. J. PollockStrange that he had dreamed of future greatness, and here he was, brought low, sold twice over for a few pieces of silver, and held as a slave in a foreign land.
Why the buyer mattered
Potiphar's rank matters. It sets Joseph down close to Pharaoh himself.
F. B. HoleThe man who bought him was Potiphar, the captain of the guard. So this put Joseph in a place of real danger on the one hand, but close to Pharaoh on the other. Things began to work together for his final good, though that was in no way clear at the time.
The sale that carried out what it tried to stop
His brothers meant the sale to defeat God's purpose for him. One writer shows that the sale, and the prison it led to, were the very road that purpose took.
J. N. DarbyNotice how far the trial of Joseph went. God's ordering kept it within limits, so that nothing in it could hinder His purpose. The trial was meant to frustrate that purpose, and it seemed to be completely against it. Yet that trial, and his righteous suffering in Egypt, brought about the very thing they seemed to stop. The Egypt his brothers sold him into, and the prison Potiphar put him in, led him to the butler and the baker — and that set him as governor over all the land of Egypt. We cannot put God out of His way. It is better to trust Him.
Slavery as training
The years in Potiphar's house were not wasted time before Joseph's real life began. Every hard stage was preparing him for what was coming.
Hamilton SmithEvery trial he passes through is only one more stage in the path that leads to glory. So is the way his brothers treated him, the slavery in the Egyptian's house, the false accusations of Potiphar's wife, Pharaoh's prison, and the neglect of Pharaoh's butler. His work as a shepherd, his errand to his brothers, and his service in Potiphar's house and in Pharaoh's prison are preparing him to use power in the day of his glory. The service in the trials prepares him for the right use of glory.
The shape of a greater story
Look at the order in this verse. A brother sells him; foreigners buy him. One writer sees a picture of Christ in that order.
William KellyWhile Reuben was away, Judah took the lead in pulling him out and selling him to the Ishmaelites, who then sold him to an Egyptian master. What a foreshadowing of Christ, who suffered first from a faithless Judah, and then from the nations outside Israel as well! God's own history tells the future as truly in the pictures given in the law as in the heartfelt cries of the Psalms, or in the prophets who speak more directly.
Summary
- Sold. Traders bring Joseph down to Egypt, and Potiphar buys him — two sales in one verse. Writers do not soften how bitter that fall was for a favoured son.
- Placed. His buyer is Pharaoh's captain of the guard. The post was dangerous, but it stood close to the throne.
- Overruled. The very sale meant to cancel Joseph's dreams became the road to their fulfilment: "We cannot put God out of His way."
- Trained. Slavery and prison were not lost years. They were the school that fitted Joseph to hold power well.
- Foreshadowed. Judah sold him; foreigners bought him. Writers see in that pattern a picture of Christ's sufferings and the glory that followed.