And Judah took a wife for Er his firstborn, and her name was Tamar.
Genesis 38 breaks off the story of Joseph to follow Judah, who has settled among the Canaanites. Verse 6 looks like a small family detail: a father chooses a wife for his eldest son. It opens a chapter of failure, and out of that failure God draws the family line of the Messiah.
A wife chosen in the wrong place
Judah chose the bride himself. One writer sets that choice beside how Abraham, Isaac and Jacob handled marriage with the Canaanites.
An Outline of Sound WordsIt would seem that Tamar, the daughter-in-law of Judah, was a daughter of the Canaanites, like her mother-in-law. Abraham had been most careful about the choice of a wife for Isaac; she was not to be a daughter of the Canaanites. But Isaac plainly did not step in when Esau took wives from the daughters of the Hittites, though they caused him grief. Isaac charged Jacob not to take a wife from the daughters of Canaan. Yet Jacob does not seem to have been troubled when Judah joined himself to the Canaanites through Shuah, or when he took Tamar to be the wife of his eldest son, Er. There is much instruction for Christians in all this: how very careful we should be about our associations, both for ourselves and for our children.
Er, the firstborn son
The verse names Er as the firstborn. What he became had much to do with the father who raised him.
Edwin N. CrossEr was the firstborn of Judah's strength. His father named him, and his name may mean "watchful." Er, it seems, became watchful for chances to do evil… Er deceived himself. But was he not simply following his father? To bring up children in an evil world is not easy. When parents introduce their children to the things of this present evil age, they will find them throwing themselves into it with great energy. And that world lies in ruin, far from God.
What Tamar gained by this marriage
Marriage to the firstborn put Tamar in line to carry on Judah's family. Judah later took that right from her.
Edwin N. CrossTamar had the right to be the mother of Judah's heir. He kept that right from her, and in doing so blamed her for the death of his sons. He did not blame his own sons for any wrong. Judah's favouritism toward his own family blinded him to the truth… Many people today let family ties sway their judgment in important matters.
The chapter as a measure of Judah
Why is this chapter placed here at all? One writer sees a deliberate contrast: two men, the same temptation.
F. B. HoleGenesis 38 completely interrupts the story of Joseph. It would seem that the shameful story of Judah is told here to heighten in our minds the way Joseph stood firm under a temptation of the same kind. Judah appears to have been among the better behaved of Jacob's sons. Yet the practices that marked him and his family were evil, and it seems they were accepted as nothing very unusual.
This is the same Judah who had sold Joseph. Yet God's line to the Messiah ran straight through his house.
William KellyIt was Judah, not Reuben or any other of the tribal heads, who proposed the sale of Joseph. Now he showed in his own house the evil that drew down curse on curse. In the end he had to admit the sad shame of Tamar — more righteous than himself, though he had sentenced her to die by fire. Yet by this guilty Judah, and by Tamar, came He who cleanses from all sin by His blood, and will reign over the universe to God's glory.
Her name in Christ's family line
Matthew's record of Christ's ancestry names four women, and Tamar comes first. Each of the four carries a different note, and Tamar's note is not her goodness.
Frederick W GrantWith Tamar it is her sin that stands out, as with Rahab it is her faith. For Ruth to come in, the sentence of the law has to be set aside. And Bathsheba shows us grace winning even over a believer's sin. A salvation for sinners. A salvation by faith. A salvation from the sentence of the law. An eternal salvation. This is what the simple placing of these names declares… Tamar's sin alone brought her into the Lord's genealogy, and God has taken pains to record, doubly record, this striking fact. In the same way, simply as sinners, we have the right to rejoice in a work done for the need of sinners.
Summary
- Choice. Judah picked Tamar for Er, forgetting the care Abraham took over Isaac's marriage. The warning is for our own friendships and our children's.
- Consequence. The son named "watchful" grew watchful for evil, and writers trace that back to the father who raised him in it.
- Claim. The marriage gave Tamar a real right: to be the mother of Judah's heir. Judah's favouritism toward his own sons later took it from her.
- Contrast. The chapter interrupts Joseph's story on purpose. Two men met a similar temptation, and only Joseph stood.
- Conclusion. Through this guilty Judah and this Tamar came the One who cleanses from all sin. Her sin, not her goodness, put her name in Christ's family line — and that is the sinner's own right to rejoice.