she took off her widow's garments and covered herself with a veil, wrapping herself up, and sat at the entrance to Enaim, which is on the road to Timnah. For she saw that Shelah was grown up, and she had not been given to him in marriage.
Tamar had watched Judah's youngest son grow up, but the promised marriage never came. So she traded her widow's clothes for a veil and sat by the road Judah would travel — the act the whole chapter turns on.
A promise Judah never kept
Tamar's action begins with Judah's failure, not her own. He had told her to wait as a widow in her father's house until Shelah was old enough, and then never delivered.
L. M. GrantJudah promised Tamar that she could marry Shelah when he was grown up, since Shelah was still young. In the meantime he asked her to stay a widow in her father's house. But we shall see that Judah failed to keep his promise, just as the tribe of Judah has done again and again.
Judah withheld something she had a right to. Then he shifted the blame onto her.
Edwin N. CrossTamar had the right to be the mother of Judah's heir. He withheld this rightful claim from her, and in effect blamed her for the death of his sons. He did not blame his own sons for any wrong. Judah's bias towards his own family blinded him to the truth… To make Shelah a husband before he was full grown would also have been contrary to the mind of God. Maturity is assumed in every area of life: physical, mental and emotional. Shelah was much younger than Tamar, and this was not a good recipe for a marriage.
How Judah came to be on that road
Tamar waits by that road because Judah will travel it. He is on it because of a choice he made at the start of the chapter: he left his brothers for the Canaanites.
Edwin N. CrossJudah leaves his brothers to join the world of the Canaanite in all its ruined character. The actual words of Scripture, "went down from," show the path of departure he set out on. They warn the reader that sin will mark what follows. The results of Judah's wilful departure will be serious. He will have to learn that he cannot please himself without reaping a harvest of sorrow.
The veil and the world it belonged to
The disguise she chose came from the culture around her.
Edwin N. CrossThe practices of the Canaanite cult increased sexual temptation. Ritual fornication was part of their fertility magic. It seems that Tamar posed as a temple prostitute. Such was the world that Judah had married into!
She would not wait any longer.
L. M. GrantShe took matters into her own hands. She used deceit, posing as a prostitute to seduce Judah.
Two ways to weigh Tamar
Commentators differ. Some see real value in what she wanted, but refuse to excuse how she got it.
An Outline of Sound WordsHer desire for children was a right one. We can admire how much she valued a place in the family where God's Name was known. We can admire too the righteous and trusting qualities she showed in her patient waiting as a widow. But we cannot excuse what she did to reach her goal. It showed a lack of confidence in God, and the sin itself was unnatural. Her deceit showed the natural scheming that is only too common among those whom God has brought into a place of privilege.
Others find nothing here to soften. For them the wonder lies elsewhere.
Frederick W. GrantIn all this history of Tamar's there is no redeeming feature. She comes before me in this picture as a sinner and nothing else. She was the wife of two men, one after the other, and divine judgment cut off each of them for his wickedness. Yet she herself dares to provoke that same judgment by a crime equal to theirs. But the wonder above all this is that this very sin brings her name into the Lord's genealogy.
Her place in Christ's family line
This dark chapter is where mercy shows itself.
Edwin N. CrossTamar's history shows the boundlessness of divine mercy. We see God's own wonderful way of connecting Christ with Judah, and so Tamar is listed in the genealogy recorded in Matthew's Gospel. She is the first of the four women mentioned there, each with her own special place by God's grace.
Grace, not human planning, produced that line.
C. H. MackintoshThis is one of those remarkable cases where divine grace triumphs gloriously over man's sin. God, in His great grace, rises above the sin and folly of man to bring about His own purposes of love and mercy… Man could never have devised such a genealogy. It is entirely divine.
Summary
- Departure. Judah "went down from" his brothers first; every sorrow in this chapter grows out of that one step away.
- Debt. Judah owed Tamar his son Shelah. He never paid that debt, and he let her carry the blame for his sons' deaths.
- Disguise. She exchanged the widow's clothes for a veil, taking matters into her own hands instead of waiting on God.
- Discernment. Her longing for a place among God's people was right; her scheming to get it was not. Commentators differ on how much credit her patience deserves.
- Design. The one deed with no redeeming feature is the very deed that puts her name in Christ's genealogy. No man could have designed that line.