Only on this condition will the men agree to dwell with us to become one people — when every male among us is circumcised as they are circumcised.
Hamor and Shechem stand at their city gate and sell the deal to their neighbours. The whole treaty hangs on one requirement: circumcision for every male. Only then can the two peoples live as one. It sounds like a religious concession. It is the bait in a trap.
A Pretext, Not an Invitation
The demand came from Jacob's sons, not from Jacob. One writer weighs what lay behind it.
William KellyThen Jacob's sons stepped in with guile and set the condition that every male be circumcised. They had not the smallest thought or wish of inviting the Shechemites into the covenant. It was the basest treachery, meant to trap and massacre them. Jacob had nothing to do with the cruel secret. Their pride and revenge ignored God as much as it ignored their father… The condition was a lying and cowardly pretext to carry their resentment to the very end.
"Become One People"
Hamor's offer is that the two groups become one people. One writer hears in it the offer the world still makes to Christians.
G. C. WillisHamor also promised to give Jacob many things. He suggested they might be one people, live in the land and trade, and marry together. Just like the world of today; they want Christians to be one with them — no difference. Christians, be careful! The Lord says, "Go out from their midst, and be separate from them." The world says, "We may be one."
Why the Men of the City Agreed
Why would a whole town agree to this? One writer gives two reasons.
L. M. GrantAll no doubt recognised that circumcision had a religious meaning. They would not be in the least suspicious of any hidden design against them. What is more, the wealth of Jacob's family would be a welcome addition to the area, and everyone would benefit from them. These were persuasive arguments, and the men of the city agreed fully, so that all of them were circumcised.
The Meaning of Circumcision
Here circumcision is handed out as a membership fee. Its real meaning runs far deeper.
F. B. HoleThe true circumcision is that done without hands in Christians "by putting off the body of the flesh, by the circumcision of Christ." As the next verse shows, this points to His death. He, the Messiah, was cut off, as predicted. He was severed from His life here in flesh and blood, so that He might take up life again in resurrection. As those identified with Him, we put the sentence of death on the old fleshly life we once lived, and so put off the body of the flesh. So the meaning of the rite was the putting of the death sentence on the flesh and all its works.
The Real Uncircumcision
So the irony is sharp. The men of Shechem take the sign in their bodies, while Jacob's family settles in among them.
J. G. BellettSurely it is rather an uncircumcised Jacob we see here, and not circumcised Shechemites. It is all miserable. Is this a son of Abraham? Is this a saint of God? Is this one of God's strangers in a world that has revolted from Him?… Such religion is empty, whether practised in these earliest days at Shechem, or now in these days of Christendom, among the nations of a judged, condemned world. God's call is to separate from it.
Where the Trouble Started
Long before the bargain at the gate, Jacob had settled at Shechem. One writer traces the whole disaster back to that choice.
C. H. MackintoshHe was on low moral ground at Shechem… If he had not settled at Shechem, Dinah would not have been dishonoured, and the violence of his sons would not have been displayed. We constantly see Christians getting into deep sorrow and trouble through their own unfaithfulness. Then, instead of judging themselves, they look at their circumstances and blame them.
Summary
- Settle. Jacob settled at Shechem instead of living as God's stranger. Every grief that follows grows from that one choice.
- Mingle. Then came Hamor's offer: one people, no difference. The world still makes it.
- Bargain. The one condition sounded religious. It was a pretext for slaughter, sweetened by the promise of Jacob's wealth.
- Mask. Circumcision marks the death sentence on the flesh. Traded as a membership fee, it left the men of Shechem cut and Jacob the uncircumcised one.
- Reap. Religion tied to the world is empty religion. The harvest here was shame and bloodshed.