Their words pleased Hamor and Hamor's son Shechem.
Jacob's sons named their terms, and Hamor and his son Shechem liked what they heard. The price of peace was a religious rite, and they were willing to pay it. What they could not see was the trap. The condition was never an invitation into the covenant, and accepting it would cost the men of their city their lives.
The Terms Were Bait
The men who framed this proposal already had murder in mind. One writer is blunt about the gap between their words and their real intent:
William KellyThen Jacob's sons stepped in with a trick. They made circumcision for every male the condition. They had not the smallest thought or wish of inviting the Shechemites into the covenant. It was the basest treachery, meant to trap and massacre them. Jacob had nothing to do with the cruel secret. Their pride and revenge ignored God just as it ignored their father. The condition was a lying and cowardly pretext to carry their resentment through to the end. Hamor and Shechem fell into the trap. They had enough influence to persuade all their townsmen to join them in submitting to the painful rite, and to its unexpected danger.
Why They Agreed So Readily
Two things made the offer attractive, and neither raised a warning flag:
L. M. GrantJacob's sons proposed the terms of the pact, and Hamor and Shechem were entirely agreeable. Shechem himself did not delay to be circumcised, because he loved Dinah. We are told that he was more honourable than everyone in his father's household... Everyone no doubt recognised that circumcision had a religious meaning. They would not have been in the least suspicious of any hidden plan against them. On top of that, the wealth of Jacob's family would be a welcome addition to the area, and all would benefit from them. These were persuasive arguments, and the men of the city were fully agreeable, so that all of them were circumcised.
A Sacred Sign Used as a Tool
Circumcision was the sign of the covenant. Here Jacob's sons hand it to a whole city as the price of a marriage and a trade deal. One writer says the real damage was not to the Shechemites but to Jacob himself:
J. G. BellettSurely what we see here is an uncircumcised Jacob, not circumcised Shechemites. It is all miserable... This is like the religious energy of Christendom. It has put the name of Christ in the company of a world that lies under His judgment, a world He bears with only in His patience. It is as if Israel had agreed with Pharaoh and undertaken to give the Lord an altar in Egypt. But such altars are no altars — just as another gospel is not another. Such religion is empty, whether practised in these earliest days at Shechem, or now, among the nations of a judged, condemned world. God's call is to separate from it.
"One People" — the Old Offer
Strip away the rite and the dowry, and Hamor was pleased with a merger. One writer warns that the world still makes the same offer:
G. C. WillisHamor also promised to give Jacob many things. He suggested they might be one people, live in the land and trade, and marry together. Just like the world of today — they want Christians to be one with them, with no difference. Christians, be careful! The Lord says, "Go out from their midst, and be separate from them" (2 Corinthians 6:17). The world says, "We may be one." The Lord says, "Let everyone who names the name of the Lord depart from iniquity" (2 Timothy 2:19).
The Real Fault Lay Further Back
The whole negotiation only happened because Jacob had settled where he did. Instead of blaming his sons, he should have judged his own choice of home:
C. H. MackintoshWe see in Genesis 34 the bitter fruit of his stay at Shechem. A stain fell on his family. Simeon and Levi try to wipe it out by the sheer energy and violence of nature, and that only led to deeper sorrow... If he had not settled at Shechem, Dinah would not have been dishonoured, and the violence of his sons would not have appeared. We constantly see Christians getting into deep sorrow and trouble through their own unfaithfulness. Then, instead of judging themselves, they start looking at circumstances and blaming them.
Summary
- Settled. Jacob's stay at Shechem is the root. If he had not settled there, no one would have dishonoured Dinah, and his sons' violence would never have appeared.
- Pleased. A merger pleased Hamor: shared daughters, shared land, shared trade. The world still offers the same deal — no difference.
- Pretext. The rite his city accepted was a lying pretext. Jacob's sons had no wish to bring anyone into the covenant.
- Hollow. A holy sign on an unchanged heart shows us an uncircumcised Jacob, not circumcised Shechemites. Such religion is empty.
- Reaped. Believers in trouble of their own making tend to blame circumstances. The call is to judge ourselves instead, and to separate from the world.