They set the altar in its place, for fear was on them because of the peoples of the lands, and they offered burnt offerings on it to the LORD, burnt offerings morning and evening.
A small group has come back from exile to a ruined Jerusalem — no wall, no army, no temple, and hostile neighbours all around. The first thing they build is an altar, and the reason the verse gives is fear.
Fear That Runs the Right Direction
Fear can push a person toward self-protection or toward God. Here it does the second.
William KellyThis is very beautiful. In a godly spirit, fear did not lead them to protect themselves by human means. Instead their heart turned to the Lord, and to the altar of acceptance they enjoyed through Him. Their first thought was the Lord; they brought Him in between themselves and their trouble from the enemy.
Altar Before Wall
The order of what they built matters.
William KellyIt is not that they began with the wall. This is all the more remarkable because another book of the Bible is devoted to building the wall — the book of Nehemiah. But they began with God and not with themselves. They began with the great expression of acceptance before God. The altar was the link between God and His people — the point of contact, so to speak, between them — the place where they made their offerings... this is all the more striking because the reason given is that fear was on them, and that fear led them to God and not to themselves or to other men.
One writer puts the principle in a single line.
J. N. DarbyIf we set up our altar, it will serve for walls.
Set in Its Place
The altar was not put wherever was convenient. It went back on its own base. The verse before says they built it "as it is written in the Law of Moses the man of God."
Leslie M. GrantDespite their fear of the opposition to the true worship of God, they set the altar on its bases. They established their worship on the true basis of the Word of God, not hiding this from the eye of the enemy.
Morning and Evening
These offerings were not a one-off ceremony.
Edward DennettThey presented their burnt offerings morning and evening. When it was first given, this was called the "continual burnt offering" (Exodus 29:38-46), and because of it God had been able to dwell among His people. His presence might no longer be among them, and He might no longer dwell between the cherubim over the mercy seat. Still, the power of the burnt offering remained. As long as faith brought this and presented it to God morning and evening, the people stayed under the Lord's protection as before. They were as safe as in the days when Jerusalem in her glory stood behind fortified walls and defences — in fact, far safer.
Another writer notes which offering this was, and how long it was to run.
H. L. RossierIt was not the sacrifice for sin, but the burnt offering, the true image of worship. The people were to keep offering it, without any interruption, until the temple was finished.
One Altar, One People
The altar also answered a question about the group itself: what made them one people?
H. L. RossierIt made no difference that the Jews were few in number. It makes no difference if we are only two or three. Some of the people had returned from captivity. Others were still scattered along the rivers of Babylon, or in unknown cities of Persia and Media. The altar, set up in the middle of the court, expressed the unity of them all. For them the question was not whether others would follow their example. They had the will of God, announced through Moses, as the basis for what they did.
What the Altar Pointed To
Why the altar first, and not the temple? Because of what the altar and its offerings stand for.
Arno Clemens GaebeleinFirst they obeyed His Word. They set up the altar for worship and for coming to God in the appointed way. Then they trusted Him to keep them among their enemies. The altar and the burnt offerings morning and evening are pictures of Christ, who is both the altar and the burnt offering. Whenever the Spirit of God sends a true recovery and revival, He will put the Lord Jesus Christ and His finished work first.
Summary
- Fear first. The danger was real. It did not send them to build defences; it sent them to God.
- Altar first. They began with God, not with themselves. The altar was the meeting point between the Lord and His people, and it went up before any wall.
- Word first. They rebuilt the altar on its own base, as the Law of Moses directed. Their worship rested on God's Word, in full view of the enemy.
- Christ first. The altar and the morning-and-evening offerings picture Christ. In every true recovery, His finished work comes first.
- Shelter last, and best. With the offering still rising, a people with no walls were safer than the old fortified city. Set up the altar, and it will serve for walls.