“Elam is there, and all her multitude around her grave; all of them slain, fallen by the sword, who went down uncircumcised into the world below, who spread their terror in the land of the living; and they bear their shame with those who go down to the pit.
This verse looks into the unseen world, where fallen empires already lie in their graves and Egypt must take her place beside them. Elam is one of those powers — once feared across the earth, now silent.
A Look Into the Unseen World
The chapter reads like a funeral march through the nations. One commentator points out the irony running through it.
Arno Clemens GaebeleinTwo weeks after the laments over Pharaoh, the prophet spoke this funeral song. It is a solemn and deeply moving song over the crowds of Egypt and the pagan nations that have gone into sheol. We look here into sheol and see the nations gathered there, stripped of their glory, in the deepest humiliation and shame. Their bodies are in the pit, the grave, and their souls in sheol, the unseen regions. God's patience with them ran out, and the measure of their wickedness became full. Then judgments swept them off the earth. They passed away and went down into sheol. And what irony there is connected with it! "Whom do you surpass in beauty? Go down and be laid to rest with the uncircumcised." The prophet names Elam, Meshech, Tubal, Edom, the princes of the North, and the Zidonians as still existing there. Once great powers, but now cut off, they lie with the uncircumcised in weakness and disgrace.
These dead nations are pictured as still there and still aware. That points past empires to the human race as a whole.
Arno Clemens GaebeleinThese are solemn words. Behind them stands the undeniable truth that the human race goes on existing, consciously and for ever. But only the New Testament Scriptures give full light on the state to come.
What "Uncircumcised" Means Here
Elam goes down "uncircumcised." One writer explains what that word says about a nation's standing with God, and what Pharaoh took from the sight.
J. N. DarbyPharaoh would be consoled by seeing all the great ones of the earth overthrown like himself. They had already fallen like the uncircumcised — that is, like people God did not own, and so did not uphold. All of them must give way to this new power in the hands of Nebuchadnezzar. What marked Egypt out was the pride of human nature, which follows its own will and acknowledges no God.
Terror Repaid to Those Who Spread It
The verse remembers Elam for the terror she spread in the land of the living, and then says she bears her shame with the rest in the pit. One commentator sees the judgment answering that terror in kind.
William KellyHere is the judgment that sweeps the earth clean after long patience and sends the boastful down to the pit. There lie the finest of them, without a sign of any relationship to God, "with the uncircumcised." Assyria, Elam, Meshech and Tubal, Edom, Zidon and other nations north of Palestine lie there in utter weakness and humiliation. They are ashamed of the might they were once so proud of. They carry their disgrace down with those who go into the pit. The Lord's terror lasts, and it lasts most for those who most inflicted terror here with the sword.
The Same Song Over Every Nation
Nation after nation gets the same funeral song. Egypt kept the outward sign of circumcision, and it made no difference to where she ended up.
Numerical Bible NotesThis is a judgment, as we see, not of single people but of nations. It is the judgment of the whole world, as far as the world had yet come into the light of revelation — the circumcised along with the uncircumcised. Egypt was an outwardly circumcised people, but for her the sign meant nothing. Now they are all made equal by the one thing that merges every distinction: the common weakness and shadow of death. This funeral song never changes; it is the same for all of them, and that sameness is part of the lesson. It is meant to impress on us the common blank and desolation where so many energies, so many kinds of human character and activity, all come to one ruin in which nothing can be told apart.
A Later Word of Mercy for Elam
This grave is not God's last word about Elam. A commentator on another prophecy about her finds mercy at the end of the story.
William KellyHere mercy rejoices at length against judgment. The portion of Elam did not interfere, like Philistia, Damascus or Hazor, with the due development reserved for Israel in the latter day; and God will show His goodness on behalf of Elam when the kingdom comes.
Summary
- Terror. Elam spread terror while she lived. Judgment falls hardest on those who most used the sword to terrify.
- Grave. The chapter opens up the unseen world. Nations lie there stripped of glory — bodies in the pit, souls in sheol, still existing.
- Uncircumcised. The word marks people God did not own and so did not uphold. Egypt kept the outward sign, and it counted for nothing.
- Level. Every nation gets the same funeral song, because death merges all distinctions into one ruin.
- Mercy. Elam's grave is not her end. God will show His goodness to Elam when the kingdom comes, and mercy wins out over judgment.