Therefore, O Oholibah, thus says the Lord GOD: “Behold, I will stir up against you your lovers from whom you turned in disgust, and I will bring them against you from every side:
Ezekiel 23:22 · ESVView all translations

Ezekiel 23 pictures Samaria and Jerusalem as two unfaithful sisters, Oholah and Oholibah. In verse 22 the charge turns into the sentence: God will summon against Jerusalem the very nations she once courted.

Why Judgment Follows

The word "therefore" points back to everything already said. God is not acting on impulse; He is answering a settled course of conduct.

In Ezekiel 23 the Lord justifies His judgment on Jerusalem. He points to the wickedness and unfaithfulness of her walk. Her unfaithfulness with the nations brought her early course to mind. The same conduct showed the same nature. She has ended as she began, because at heart she was the same. Samaria's fate would be hers.

J. N. Darby

The sentence fits the sin: what Jerusalem chose is what she receives.

Ezekiel 23 describes the sins of Samaria (Israel) and Jerusalem (Judah) in the most solemn terms. In each case forbidden dealings with the nations are the ground of the Lord's judgment. They were sisters in sin, and God would judge them alike. He defends His judgment: "Because you have forgotten me and cast me behind your back, therefore you yourself must bear the consequences of your lewdness and whoring." They were to reap what they had sown.

W. T. P. Wolston

Lovers Turned Enemies

The striking thing here is who God stirs up. Not strangers — her old friends, brought against her from every side.

When her day of lawless self-will is past, the day of the Lord finds all her former lovers gathered against her. The gathering has come now. The sons of Babylon head the list with all the Chaldeans. Assyria too follows with Babylon, under the power of Nebuchadnezzar.

Numerical Bible Notes

What drew Jerusalem to these nations has not changed. It has only changed sides.

These qualities once spoke of the energy and ability that carried away the hearts of the Israelites. The same terms describe them here, but now they work in an opposite interest. How a person's old attractions face them in the day of reckoning that comes for each one! They work their will without mercy, though they are only the instruments of God's judgment, as He declares.

Numerical Bible Notes

A Love Already Soured

Verse 22 adds a detail easy to miss: Jerusalem had already grown sick of the lovers she pursued. The romance had died long before the armies arrived.

Not content with Assyria, she longed for the Chaldeans and their idol worship. The sons of Babylon defiled her; but even as they defiled her, her mind turned away from them. So it always is where the favour and the will of God are absent. Closeness in evil soon turns to mutual disgust. But there is worse. "My mind," says the Lord, "was turned away from her, as my mind was turned away from her sister." Jerusalem was given over to a corrupted mind.

William Kelly

The Sister's Example Ignored

Jerusalem had already watched this happen to Ephraim, the sister kingdom in the north.

Ephraim's history here is plain to read: "I gave her into the hand of her lovers, into the hand of the sons of Assyria, on whom she doted. These uncovered her nakedness; they seized her sons and her daughters, and they killed her with the sword, and she became a byword among women, and they executed judgment upon her."

Numerical Bible Notes

Judah had received many mercies, and still learned nothing. God's patience had a limit.

Judah was morally worse than Israel. Yet God raised up some righteous kings there, to keep His visible connection with them. In the end He had to judge, and the kingdom of Judah was carried away captive, as Israel had been. They took no notice of the judgment that fell on the sister kingdom. The many mercies they received from God did not humble them. He waited long over the place where His name was recorded, even while He declared the sin of Judah to be greater than the sin of Israel. Their cup of wrongdoing was not yet full, but it was filling fast. At last the king of Babylon carries out the decree of God.

The Bible Treasury

The Aim Behind the Blow

The invasion is not the last word in what God is doing here.

Yet on God's part all this severity is not mere judgment. As He puts it here, the effect is to make the lewdness of Oholibah stop, and to make her turn away in disgust from the things that once attracted her. A person must come to himself before he can come to God, and this is the process through which God was now bringing Israel.

Numerical Bible Notes

Summary

- Cause. The word "therefore" ties the sentence to the story: she ended as she began, because at heart she was unchanged.

- Reaping. God defends His own judgment — Jerusalem forgot Him and cast Him behind her back, so she bears what she sowed.

- Reversal. The lovers she courted become the army at her gates. The qualities that once attracted her now work against her.

- Warning ignored. God had already given Samaria into the hand of her lovers. Judah watched it happen and learned nothing.

- Goal. The severity has an aim: to make the old attractions loathsome. A person must come to himself before he comes to God.

Reviewed by Orion on September 19, 2026