You shall not add to the word that I command you, nor take from it, that you may keep the commandments of the LORD your God that I command you.
Before Israel takes the land, Moses sets a guard around the words God gave: no one may add to them, and no one may take from them. Why does God protect His own words so carefully, and what is lost when someone edits them?
Nothing Lacking, Nothing Spare
The two halves are not the same rule said twice. Each rests on a different fact about what God has given:
C. H. MackintoshNo one is to add to it, for the simplest of all reasons: there is nothing lacking. No one is to take from it, because there is nothing unnecessary. Everything we need is there, and nothing that is there can be done without... To suppose that anything can be added to God's word is, on the face of it, to deny that it is God's word. And if we admit that it is the word of God, then it follows of necessity — blessed necessity — that we could not do without a single sentence of it. If a single clause were dropped from its place, there would be a gap in the book that no human hand could fill.
The same writer names what taking away would actually claim, and marks out what he is defending:
C. H. MackintoshWe are not speaking, of course, of translations or versions, but of the Scriptures as God first gave them — His own perfect revelation... And to take away even the smallest letter or stroke from it is to say that the Holy Spirit wrote what was unnecessary. So God guards the holy book at both ends.
What Each Error Does
Adding and subtracting look like opposite mistakes. Both rub out the same line — the line between God's word and man's:
F. W. GrantThe voice preaches obedience. But obedience is only obedience when it is uncompromising loyalty, never tampering with the law book. There must be no addition, which would lift man's word up to God's; no subtraction, which brings God's word down to man's.
The damage is not limited to the clause someone touched. One writer traces how a single addition unseats everything else God has said:
J. N. DarbyBy setting up another authority, I displace and cancel the whole word of God, which claims all authority. If someone else can give orders, I am not the only master, and the man is not my servant. This does not just mislead the servant; it pushes the master aside. Anyone who adds one tiny stroke sets aside God's authority, and His revealed will as authority, completely... God, therefore, is jealous of His word, because whenever we step outside it, we step into the darkness and bondage of Satan.
The Reason Given in the Verse
Moses gives the command a purpose: that you may keep the commandments. God guards His words so that people will do them.
C. H. Mackintosh"Hear," and "do"; that you may "live" and "possess." This is a lasting principle for everyone. It was true for Israel, and it is true for us. The path of life, and the real secret of possession, is simple obedience to God's holy commandments... God has given us His word, not to speculate on it, or discuss it, but so that we may obey it.
Both Errors in Practice
Israel's later history shows both errors at work. The pattern did not stop there:
Arno C. GaebeleinNo one was to add anything to the law, and no one was to take anything from it. Sadly, people have not listened to this warning. The elders, with their traditions and their man-made commandments, added to the law and put the word of man above the Word of God. Later the Sadducees took away from the law and brought the Word of God down to the level of the word of man. People do the same today in the ritualistic and rationalistic parts of the Christian world.
Good motives are no defence, and neither is the standing of whoever does it:
William KellyTo add to Scripture is ruinous. It does not matter who does it, or what holy motives people claim. God is jealous about it. He will not have His word enlarged or amended. Revelation is complete, and our simple business is to obey the word of God.
The Same Guard Across the Bible
This is not a one-off rule for one nation. The same warning shows up in three different kinds of biblical writing:
Leslie M. GrantSo we should take the warning of verse 2 to heart... It comes in a book of history (Deuteronomy). Scripture poetry gives a similar warning: "Do not add to His words, lest He rebuke you, and you be found a liar" (Prov. 30:6). Scripture prophecy gives another (Rev. 22:18–19).
Summary
- Nothing lacking — add nothing, because everything you need is already there.
- Nothing spare — take nothing away, because dropping one line says the Holy Spirit wrote something unnecessary.
- Nothing swapped — adding lifts man's word up to God's level; taking away pulls God's word down to man's.
- Nothing optional — God gave His words so that people would obey them, not debate them.
- Nothing unguarded — history, poetry and prophecy all carry this warning, and no good motive excuses breaking it.