Love the sojourner, therefore, for you were sojourners in the land of Egypt.
Just before this command, Moses describes God: He shows no partiality, and He loves the stranger — the sojourner, in the ESV — giving him food and clothing (v. 18). Israel must now love the same people, and the reason given is not a rule but a memory: Egypt.
God Himself Is the Model
Two things were to shape Israel's conduct: God's example, and their own past.
C. H. MackintoshNotice the way Moses sets the divine example before the people as their model. It is both interesting and instructive. The Lord "loves the stranger, in giving him food and raiment. Love the stranger therefore; for you were strangers in the land of Egypt." This is very touching. They were not only to keep the divine model before their eyes. They were also to remember their own past history and experience, so that their hearts would go out in sympathy and compassion toward the poor homeless stranger. It was the binding duty and high privilege of the Israel of God to put themselves in the circumstances of others and enter into their feelings. They were to be the moral representatives of the One whose people they were, and whose name was called on them.
One writer treats that likeness to God as the whole point of the law:
F. W. GrantBut the love of God necessarily implies the desire to become morally like Him; and so the law becomes a means to this. In His commandments we learn Himself... Despite this, the law plainly requires the imitation of God Himself.
The God Who Takes No Bribe
Verse 18 also says God takes no bribe. One writer holds that up against the courts we know.
Leslie M. GrantThis great God of Israel shows no partiality and takes no bribe. Instead He administers justice for the fatherless and the widow, and He shows love toward strangers (v. 18). How totally unlike this are the great majority of rulers in the world today! Law courts too often show sad disregard for justice. The poor often suffer gross injustice. Meanwhile the wealthy use their money to twist judicial action in their own favour. Believers may well be deeply thankful for a God who is perfectly just and faithful.
Memory as the Reason
Israel did not have to imagine what being a stranger felt like. They had lived it, and God kept them in that position even in their own land.
F. W. GrantIsrael themselves had known "the heart of a stranger" by bitter experience. More than that, they were still taught to count themselves as strangers even in their own land, and so to prove to themselves that love of His to strangers of which He speaks: "The land shall not be sold for ever: for the land is Mine: for you are strangers and sojourners with Me."
What God Gives the Stranger
The provision named in verse 18 is food and clothing — modest, and later picked up as a measure of contentment.
J. G. BellettGod loves the stranger (Deut. 10:18). He loves the poor, friendless stranger with the love of pity and of grace, and provides for him. But there is also the separated stranger, who has turned his back on this polluted scene. With him God links His name and His honour, and owns such a person without shame. Hebrews 11:13-16.
Heart Before Hands
Circumcision of the heart means an inward change, not just an outward mark. One writer makes love to the stranger the sign that it has happened.
F. B. HoleHad Israel circumcised their hearts, a second thing would have marked them. They would have shown love to the stranger who might be among them. We are to display the love that has reached us by seeking others with the Gospel of the grace of God.
The Command Without the Power
Commentators differ in emphasis: one writer points out what such a command exposed.
An Outline of Sound WordsThey were also urged to follow the example of the Lord in loving the stranger (Deut. 10:18-19). But the law demanded, and it gave no power to obey. So it only showed how completely unable man in the flesh is to meet its requirements.
Carried into Christian Practice
One writer carries this on to believers: love must not stop at the front door.
A. PridhamNor should their love confine itself within the house. The God of their worship is a lover of the stranger (Deut. 10:18-19). In His gracious kindness to people He had helped them when they were strangers. He had clothed them in their nakedness and had given them His living bread to eat. What they had freely received they should be ready to share.
Summary
- Model — The command copies God. He loves the stranger, so His people are to be "the moral representatives" of the One they belong to.
- Memory — Egypt is the argument. Israel had known "the heart of a stranger," so they could enter into the feelings of others.
- Measure — God's love is concrete: food and clothing. He takes no bribe, and He judges for the fatherless and the widow.
- Motive — A circumcised heart shows itself in this love. Without that inward work, the command only exposes how unable man in the flesh is.
- Multiplication — What they freely received, they freely give, so this love reaches past the household to outsiders.