For we know that the law is spiritual but *I* am fleshly, sold under sin.
This verse sets two things side by side: what every believer knows about God's law, and what one man learns about himself. That clash shapes the rest of the chapter.
(Older translations read "carnal" where the ESV has "of the flesh." The comments below turn on that word.)
The verse changes pronoun halfway through. One writer follows the move from the shared "we" to the lonely "I":
Notice the difference of expression in verse 14: "We know that the law is spiritual" — all Christians know that. But then does he say, We know that we are carnal, sold under sin? No, "I am carnal, sold under sin." He turns back at once to himself. He has been given new life, and under the law he had already formed a judgment of himself from his own experience. He goes back to that. He begins to reason about what he is before God, and not about what God is towards him. The result is that he cries out, "O wretched man that I am! who shall deliver me from the body of this death?"
Another writer weighs the verse's two halves against each other:
The law is spiritual — that is a fact we know, not a matter of experience. In contrast stands what "I am," and this has to be learned through sad experience: "carnal, sold under sin."
Calling the law spiritual says something about its reach. It does not stop at behaviour:
An unconverted man may not see this. He may see in it nothing more than a commandment that forbids certain outward acts. But we see that the law lays bare the whole inward man. If it condemns the outward act, then the evil thought in the heart cannot be counted right either.
If the law reaches that far, keeping it asks more than a man can give:
We know that the law is spiritual. But the law says you must not have a lust in your heart; you must not covet. Well then, I may as well give up, for I have lust. You might as well tell me I must not be a man.
The word "sold" comes from the slave market, and it has a history:
The Greek word used here for "sold" is piprasko. Of a person it means "to sell into slavery." The Greek Old Testament uses it as a picture of selling oneself to sin: of Ahab in 1 Kings 21:20, 25; in 2 Kings 17:17; see also Isaiah 50:1 and 52:3. So Paul may have had these in mind when he cried in desperation, "I am sold under sin." But this is not the experience of the apostle Paul only. It is the condition of us all, though we may discover it only when the light of the gospel shines on our fallen state.
Slavery here is misery, not preference:
Only observe that it is the bitter sense of bondage to sin, and not the love of sin... He learns, however, that it is not himself that loves sin, for he really hates it.
Commentators differ over whether the speaker is a Christian. One writer names the mistake behind the confusion:
Some think that the soul in this distress is unconverted. One reason they think so is that, as its exercises go on, it says, "I am carnal." But that conclusion is unwarranted. It comes from confusing carnal with natural, which is ignorance of Scripture. For Scripture speaks of three classes, not two only; there are natural, carnal, and spiritual men. Now Romans 7 describes the middle class; the person there is neither natural nor spiritual.
And the man writing the letter is not the man in the verse:
It is, to use a figure, a man who has got out of a trap describing his feelings when he was in it. Do you think Paul was a "wretched man" crying out for deliverance when he wrote his letter to the Romans? Certainly not! He was a happy man rejoicing in full deliverance. But he is describing a soul given new life, still under the law and with no power against sin. This is not proper Christian experience... In this part of the chapter you do not get the Holy Spirit in His indwelling power. There is new life, but no power, no sense of full deliverance, no sense of victory. All of that comes in chapter 8.
What the verse forces into the open is a problem forgiveness alone does not touch:
He wakes up at last to a humbling fact. This constant inward evil is always seeking to break out. Having the blood of Jesus for his forgiveness does not deal with the whole case. It is a question, not of pardon only, but of deliverance. "O wretched man that I am! who shall deliver me?"
- Known — all Christians know the law is spiritual; it exposes the inward man, not just outward acts.
- Felt — what "I am" is not taught but discovered, and the discovery is bitter.
- Sold — the word comes from the slave market; sin owns the man, it does not just tempt him.
- Hated — he is in bondage to sin, yet hates it, which is why the misery is so sharp.
- Delivered — the verse exposes a need pardon does not meet, and drives the cry that Romans 8 answers.
For that which I do, I do not own for not what I will, this I do; but what I hate, this I practise.
Commentary for this verse has not been generated yet.
But if what I do not will, this I practise, I consent to the law that [it is] right.
Paul has just said that he does the very thing he hates. Now his failure leads him to a verdict — not about himself, but about the law: it is good.
The person described here hates his own sin. Commentators take that hatred as the mark of someone already born of God.
In Romans 7 we meet a man with a renewed conscience. He recognises the claims of righteousness — or more correctly, holiness. He hates evil and desires good. But his utter powerlessness to do the good fills him with dismay and wretchedness. His is plainly the case of a soul born of God, for no unbeliever actually hates evil… Still, here the soul must learn that abhorring evil and loving good is not in itself the power for doing good.
This agreement is not grudging surrender to a fact he cannot escape. It is the heart siding with the law against itself.
Nor is it bowing to an unavoidable fact only, but the heart agreeing that what it bows to is good. Faced with the truth, the soul does not wish to weaken the spirituality of the law. It will not drag the law down to the level of what people are able, or unable, to do. The soul reaches this point through the deep and terrible process of learning itself. Then it makes no excuses. It says in secret, "I agree with the law, that it is good." God is justified as to His holy law, and "I" is silent. An immense gain, spiritually, is reached.
Earlier in the chapter the law was declared good; here the same verdict is reached a different way.
He discovered by experience the good and holy character of the law. It is good as verse 9 states; but he now has to say "I agree with the law, that it is good."
This man is far past the person described earlier in the letter, who neither understands nor seeks God. He now understands. He submits. Yet one thing is still missing.
You will find in Romans 3 these three characters of unconverted man — none righteous, none who understands, none who seeks after God. Now in Romans 7 the man has become intelligent; he acknowledges that the law is good, and he submits to it (Rom. 7:12-16); his will is broken, for he takes pleasure in it (Rom. 7:22); but the third thing fails — he has no righteousness. The more he understands how spiritual the law is, and the more he wants to fulfil it, the more he sees that righteousness is not in him. He is a miserable man.
Verse 16 is an argument, and the next verse is its result. If the will sides with the law, the wrongdoing comes from something else at work inside.
First of all, he has found a fleshly "I," sold under sin — captive to it like a slave. He did not approve what he did. He did what he hated instead of what he wanted. But if he would not do it, his will was agreeing with the law that it was good. And if his will agreed, then it was not really he who was doing it. He would not do it, and yet he did. It was sin dwelling in him. There is an "I" distinct from the sinful principle — an "I" that was not his flesh. So he could see the sinful working of the flesh as coming from sin that dwelt in him. It did not come from the "I," which he knew was his own inmost will.
Distinguishing yourself from indwelling sin is genuine relief, but it is not rescue. Two more discoveries must follow before he cries out for a deliverer.
First, the discovery that there are two natures in the believer… two directly opposite energies come to light, one against the other. That is a relief, but not yet full clearance. Second, the conviction that "nothing good dwells in me, that is, in my flesh." This conviction goes far beyond admitting and confessing particular sins. Third, that I have no strength: I find no ability to carry out what is good. So the distressed one looks outward for a deliverer, since he knows there is no good and no strength within.
Writers point out what is missing from this whole part of the chapter.
The second half of the chapter gives us the experience of a man who wants to fulfil the righteousness of the law. He wants to bring forth fruit to God while standing under the law. God has awakened him, and the new life is at work in him. He understands how spiritual the law is, and what it requires. He wants to keep it, and his conscience cannot rest until he does. The new nature loves the righteousness of the law. But the flesh opposes it, and so the new nature does not fulfil it… in this passage there is no mention made either of Christ or of the Holy Spirit.
- Agreement. His failure becomes his witness. A man who hates what he does has sided with the law and called it good.
- Acquittal of the law. God is justified as to His holy law, and "I" falls silent. The soul does not try to lower the law to what a person can manage.
- Diagnosis. If the will agrees with the law, the wrongdoing comes from sin dwelling in him — an "I" distinct from the flesh.
- Dead end. He understands and submits. His will is broken. But righteousness is still not in him — real relief, without full clearance.
- Deliverer. No good and no strength are inside him. So he must look outward — and that is where the chapter is driving him.
Now then [it is] no longer *I* [that] do it, but the sin that dwells in me.
The man in this chapter keeps doing the very evil he hates. Verse 17 is what he concludes from that defeat: the wrong act is real, but it no longer says who he is. Two questions follow. What is this "sin" that lives in him? And does calling it "not I" excuse anything?
The wording matters. He does not simply deny the deed; he marks a change of ownership that has taken place in him.
In that miserable experience, grace taught him how to tell himself apart from the sin that lived in him and that he now hated. This is a great step forward, and a relief to an honest soul. The next step was to tie himself to the new desires, and to seek deliverance through Christ Jesus, so that he might do what he now wanted, and not the sin he hated. He could then say, "It is no longer I … but sin." He does not say "Not I," as he does elsewhere. He says "No more I" or "No longer I," because before the change took place it was "I."
The discovery is not that he slipped once. It is that something permanent lives inside him, and it is stronger than his best intentions.
The moment I seriously set out to do what the law asks, I become aware of a force inside me working against me. It is too strong for me to fight. It wakes me up to the fact that "sin dwells in me." It is no accident and no habit. It is a principle I was born with. So I am forced to separate myself from myself.
The believer now has two natures. Which one does he call himself? God's own view of them settles it.
Our wisdom is to fall into line with God's thoughts and to treat it as He does. Begin by recognizing that you are now identified with the new nature and entitled to disown the old. "It is no longer I who do it, but sin that dwells within me." The new nature is your true self, not the old. It is like a grafted apple tree: as soon as the graft takes, the tree is the cultivated apple.
Naming the real enemy is itself a gain. Seeing its strength sends a person looking outside himself for help.
So sin is at least marked out as the terrible and powerful enemy of the soul. This is good, because it would be ruinous to fail to recognise an enemy, or to underrate his power. Once we see the true character of our souls' enemies, comparing it with our own weak forces may stagger us. But it would drive us to seek another refuge — in Him who alone is stronger than all enemies.
This chapter teaches three lessons. Verse 17 is the second, and many people stop there.
There he finds out that there is no good in him. Then he learns a second thing, one that people are often content with — but it is no deliverance. I hate it; well then, it is not I. The third thing is that the flesh is too strong for me. The will is there, but he does not find how to carry it out.
The verse gives no licence. Telling the new "I" apart from the sin inside does not make the wrong act a small thing.
We can say when we sin, "It is no longer I who do it, but sin that dwells within me." Even so, we cannot say that our doing evil does not matter. Nor can we escape the condemnation of the law, under which we feel ourselves to be. We cannot reach such unworthy conclusions as that God would condone our sins.
The old nature cannot be improved. So the practical step is to take God's side against it.
Sooner or later the believer discovers that sin still dwells in him, and that the old nature is as bad as ever, or worse. Then, instead of trying uselessly to make it better, he can take sides with God against it. He never treats it as anything but the deadliest enemy. He always distrusts it and never indulges it. He knows that God has completely condemned it at the cross, and so he condemns it completely too. He counts himself dead to it, but alive to God in Christ Jesus.
- Discovery — the honest struggle uncovers a resident. Not an accident, not a habit, but a principle stronger than my own will.
- Distinction — "no longer I" admits there was a time when it was simply "I." The new nature is now the true self, and the believer may disown the old.
- Direction — seeing the enemy's real strength shows how weak our own forces are. It drives us to a refuge outside ourselves: deliverance through Christ Jesus.
- Danger — many people stop at this distinction and mistake it for freedom. Commentators call it a real gain, but no deliverance.
- Duty — the verse excuses nothing. God does not condone our sins; the believer takes His side against the sin that dwells in him.
For I know that in me, that is, in my flesh, good does not dwell for to will is there with me, but to do right [I find] not.
Paul has traced his failure back to sin living inside him. Now he draws his verdict, and it raises two questions: how can he say nothing good is in him, and why does wanting to do right not produce the power to do it?
Paul chooses his words carefully. He does not say that he never does anything good.
Second, in this struggle to do right and overcome sin by our own efforts under law, another important truth is learned. I discover that the evil of the flesh cannot be cured. As the Apostle says, "I know that nothing good dwells in me, that is, in my flesh." He does not say, "I do nothing good," but "nothing good dwells in me." It is here a question of what I am, not of what I do. In fact the flesh can do many things that are morally right. In the case described, the man's life was no doubt blameless. The failure was lust, and that is inward.
The words "that is, in my flesh" are not filler. Paul limits what he says, because something else is in him too.
The believer is not in the flesh, but he sadly finds that the flesh is in him. He learns through humbling experiences to say, "nothing good dwells in me, that is, in my flesh." He does not say, "no good dwells in me," because he has a new life and the Holy Spirit in him. He says, "nothing good dwells in me, that is, in my flesh." Though he has been delivered from his standing in Adam, he still has the nature of Adam — the flesh, with its passions and lusts. That evil principle is ready to serve the law of sin. In fact he has two natures: the old nature, "that which is born of the flesh," which "is flesh"; and the new life, or new nature, "that which is born of the Spirit," which "is spirit."
One writer takes the phrase at full strength, and notes how slow we are to accept it.
First, the true character of the flesh — the old evil nature still inside us — is hopelessly bad. "I know that nothing good dwells in me, that is, in my flesh" (Rom. 7:18). If nothing good is there, then not even a good desire can be found there. Yet how long it takes most of us to give up all expectation of good, or even of improvement, from within.
The second half of the verse moves from what I am to what I can do.
So it is the sin that dwells in me. In fact there is no good in me — that is, in my flesh, the whole natural man as he is. Even where the will is present, I do not find the way to do any good. Power is completely missing.
The blame does not lie with the law. One writer explains with a picture from a workshop.
This statement of Scripture is no discredit to the law, which was "holy and righteous and good" (Rom. 7:12). The fact is that "nothing good" dwells in the flesh (Rom. 7:18), so the flesh is hopeless material for the law to work on. Give a sculptor first-class tools and an excellent block of marble, and if the result is a hopeless mess, the critics will rightly blame the sculptor. Give him a heap of dry sand to work on, and they will clear him of all blame. Then all the failure is in the material and not the sculptor.
The flesh will never improve. So what is left for it?
We need examples like this to get to know the flesh in ourselves: "nothing good dwells in me, that is, in my flesh." This flesh cannot be trained, cleansed or improved. The only fitting place for it is nailed to the cross.
This discovery hurts. It is not a dead end.
Discovering that "nothing good dwells in me, that is, in my flesh" is agonizing. Yet it is the only true stepping stone to deliverance and to practical Christian holiness.
- Learned — "I know" is the result of experience, not a theory. It is a verdict on what I am, not a record of what I do.
- Limited — the words "that is, in my flesh" guard the statement. The believer has a new life and the Holy Spirit; the flesh is the old nature that remains.
- Lacking — the desire to do right is real, but the power is missing. Wanting the good and doing it turn out to be two different things.
- Lost cause — the flesh is hopeless material for the law to work on. No training or cleansing improves it; its only fitting place is the cross.
- Liberating — the discovery is agonizing, yet it is the stepping stone. Stop expecting good from within, and you begin to look outside yourself for deliverance.
For I do not practise the good that I will; but the evil I do not will, that I do.
This is the cry of a man who wants what is right and still fails to do it. Is such defeat normal, permanent, or a stage on the way to something better?
The words describe a shock, not a theory.
We try to do it, and then we get a very unpleasant shock. Our intentions are of the best, but somehow we have no power to put these things into practice. We see the good and approve it in our minds, yet we fail to do it. We recognise the evil we disapprove of, and yet we are trapped by it. A very distressing and humbling state of affairs, which we find stated in verse 19.
The failure comes at the very moment the man tries his hardest.
All that I did before I was awakened was of course only sin. But it is a hundred times worse to find that even when I want to do what is good, the flesh is incapable of it.
The will to do good is there. The problem lies elsewhere: in the power to carry it out.
It is a question of power coming in, not of will; for he is supposed to will the opposite, but sadly does what he does not will. So the moral character of both natures is made plain. The flesh never goes along with the moral judgment and desire of the renewed man while under law.
This man differs from someone whose desire for the good is not real.
Even an unbeliever often approves what is good and tries in some measure to do it. But more often he weakly gives way to the evil — in fact, he prefers it. Reality of desire is not there, and of course neither is power.
What he learns here goes deeper than a list of wrong actions.
It is not a question here of what I have done, but of what I am. So for the first time I discover that in me there is no good thing. I would do good, but I do not do it. I am under the yoke of sin in the flesh. I acknowledge that the law is good; I hate sin, and yet I do it. But what I hate, I am not myself; I do indeed hate it. So, taught by God, I learn to distinguish between myself and what I do... This is not liberty yet; liberty needs power. But it is a very real comfort to tell the difference between me and the sin that lives in me. Power is missing because redemption is not yet fully known.
The wasted effort is not pointless. The failure itself is the teacher.
Our useless efforts to overcome the flesh teach us that we have no strength in ourselves against it. We realise that this lust, this pride, this vanity is wrong and must be overcome. So we set to work to overcome these evils by prayer, by study of the word and other religious exercises. The result is that we find we are wearing ourselves out with efforts that get nowhere... So we learn that if victory depends on our own efforts we must be utterly defeated, for we have no strength.
Readers have long argued whether the speaker is a believer. One writer says the question itself is wrong.
One question divides most of those who have written and preached on it: is the experience described that of a natural man or of a Christian? Both sides assume it must be one or the other. But that assumption is a mistake, and that is exactly where both fail... There is a transitional state, found again and again in souls who are born again but not yet in conscious deliverance. This is the exact state in question... There is an awakened conscience, but no power.
Another writer answers with a picture, and with Paul's own case.
To use a picture, it is a man who has got out of a trap describing how he felt while he was in it. Do you think Paul was a "wretched man" crying out for deliverance when he wrote his letter to the Romans? Certainly not! He was a happy man rejoicing in full deliverance.
This verse is not the end of the road. Later the man's question changes shape.
Earlier in the story the speaker went through the experiences described in verses 14 to 19. Then his question would have been, "How shall I deliver myself?" He was still searching for something inside himself that would do it, but searching in vain. Now he is beginning to look outside himself for a deliverer.
- Shock — The verse records a discovery, not a doctrine. Good intentions meet an inability to carry them out, and that is humbling.
- Diagnosis — The will to do good is there. The strength is not. Both natures show their character.
- Distinction — The lesson learned is to separate yourself from the sin living in you. That brings real comfort, though not yet liberty.
- Dead end — Every effort of our own to win must collapse. The strength it depends on is not there.
- Deliverer — The state is transitional, not final. The man stops looking inside himself and starts looking outside for a deliverer.
But if what *I* do not will, this I practise, [it is] no longer *I* [that] do it, but the sin that dwells in me.
Paul has just said that nothing good lives in his flesh. Now he repeats a conclusion he drew three verses earlier: when he does what he does not want, the sin living in him is doing it. That raises two hard questions. Who is the "I" that is no longer doing it? And does this let a believer off the hook?
Verse 20 is not new ground. It closes a second round of the same argument.
It is worth noticing that there is a second discussion in verses 18-20. It leads to the same result and closes in the same way, only with greater personal emphasis along the way.
The man saying this is already converted. He calls one side of himself "I" — while admitting the other side is also his.
So in Romans 7 the man who feels the power of evil in him is already converted. He is also aware of something inside him that leans the opposite way from sin and flesh. In fact, he identifies himself rather with that opposite tendency — "Now, if I do what I do not want, it is no longer I who do it, but sin that dwells within me" (v. 20). Twice over he asserts this, although unable to deny either that the flesh too is himself (v. 18).
The stress in the sentence falls on one small word.
In verse 20 the "I" in "what I do not want" is emphatic. So is the "I" in "it is no longer I who do it." He now sees that he does more than agree with the law in his conscience. He delights in it in his inner self. But another law in his body takes him captive.
Yet the separation does not make life simpler. The believer becomes an unsolved riddle to himself.
I learn more clearly than ever to tell the difference between myself as one born of God and the sin that dwells in me. That is why the verse seems to contradict itself. "I do the wrong thing," I have to cry out after each new failure. Yet when I look closely I see that "it is no longer I who do it, but sin that dwells within me." I am a puzzle to myself. Here I am almost like two people.
The man in this chapter wants the right thing. What he lacks is the strength to do it.
I do not do the evil with the intent of my will, for I do not want the evil that I do. On the contrary, I hate it. So it is the sin that dwells in me. In me (that is, in my flesh — the whole natural man as he is) there is no good at all. Even where the will is there, I find no way to do any good. The power is entirely missing.
Some readers fear this verse hands out an excuse. Two answers meet that fear. The first: the man speaking here hates what he does.
Some people are afraid of this chapter because they think it lets people sin freely. That could never be. We seek to shun sin when there is a work of God in us. It causes all our anguish and distress. God brings the believer to a holy hatred of sin. It is a spiritual work. The man who is not born again knows nothing about this.
The distinction is true, yet it settles nothing about guilt.
When we sin we can say, "It is no longer I who do it, but sin that dwells within me." Even so, we cannot say that our doing evil does not matter. Nor can we escape the condemnation of the law, and under that law we feel ourselves to be. We cannot reach such unworthy conclusions as that God would excuse our sins. What can we do? And who can we look to for relief?
The value of the verse lies in where it leads. It is a step, not a resting place.
He learnt to tell himself, as a man born again, apart from the burden and pressure of sin inside him. This seems to be the first ray of light in this experience, the light that leads at last to deliverance and thanksgiving (v. 25).
- Repeated — Paul draws the same conclusion twice, in verse 17 and again here, with stronger personal emphasis the second time.
- Distinguished — the emphatic "I" separates the believer from the sin living in him. Yet the flesh is still his.
- Powerless — the will is right; the strength to carry it out is missing.
- Not excused — the man here hates his sin and feels its misery. Naming its source does not free him from responsibility.
- Leading onward — this discovery is the first light, not the destination. It leads on to deliverance and thanksgiving.
I find then the law upon *me* who will to practise what is right, that with *me* evil is there.
This verse names a rule, not just a failure: every time the will turns toward good, evil is already there. Does this experience prove a person is not born of God, or prove the opposite — and where is it meant to lead him?
The word "law" carries more than one sense in this chapter. Readers stumble when they take every use as the law given through Moses. One commentator sorts them out:
In this passage the word "law" is used in two senses. In most cases it refers, of course, to the law of God given through Moses. In verses 2 and 3, however, we get "the law" of a husband; in verse 21, "a law"; in verses 23 and 25, "another law," "the law of my mind," and "the law of sin." In these cases the word clearly means a power or force that always acts in one direction — just the sense we use when we talk about "the laws of nature."
By this point guilt is no longer the question. What breaks the speaker is that his good desires produce nothing.
The question here is not guilt but power — or rather the total absence of it. So even with the best possible attitudes and desires, everything ends in captivity to sin, though sin is now hated. This is not the soul in the death and darkness of nature, but a renewed soul. God is loved and evil detested; but the soul finds itself powerless either to act on the one or to avoid the other. There is progress despite this, sad as the experience still is... As far as feeling goes, he was never more miserable.
Many read this verse and conclude the opposite of what it proves. One commentator answers the worried reader:
Yes, you say, that is just what I have found, to my deep sorrow; indeed, it has made me almost conclude that I cannot have been born of God at all. Those who are not born of God never discover themselves to be half as bad as you find your old self to be. But do not the very next words prove that you are born of God — that is, that you have a new "I," or new nature?
The discovery itself is the evidence.
Commentators point out what is missing from this part of the chapter, not what is in it:
We believe that in Romans 7 the apostle shows us the inner struggle of a soul that has been made alive but does not yet know deliverance. It is, to use a picture, a man who has got out of a trap describing his feelings while he was in it. Do you think Paul was a "wretched man" crying out for deliverance when he wrote his letter to the Romans? Certainly not! He was a happy man rejoicing in full deliverance... In all this part of the chapter you do not get the Holy Spirit in His indwelling power. There is new life, but there is no power, no sense of full deliverance, no consciousness of victory... It is very good for the soul to pass through Romans 7, but it is not for God's glory to stay there.
You cannot win this fight by fighting harder. One writer presses the point with a picture from wrestling:
The flesh in me is, after all, too strong for me. The more I struggle with it for control, it struggles with me and overpowers me. I am like a man in a wrestling match, and my opponent has me down, and, wriggle and struggle as I will, I cannot rise up... But must I not strive? you say. Strive on! Strive on! You have not come to the end of yourself yet. God has to let the weary struggle go on until you reach that end. Then you lie back in your proved helplessness over the evil inside you, and look for a Deliverer outside yourself to deliver you from yourself.
Reaching that end is gain, not loss:
When the believer has come to this — "I find it to be a law — a principle — that when I want to do right, evil lies close at hand" — he has learned a profitable lesson. He then makes much of Christ and nothing of self.
- Law. "A law" here means a force acting always in the same direction, like the laws of nature — not the law given through Moses.
- Powerlessness. The problem here is not guilt but a total lack of strength. Even the best desires end in captivity to sin.
- Proof. Seeing how bad your old self really is proves a new nature is there. Someone who has only the old nature never makes that discovery.
- Missing. The Spirit's indwelling power is absent from this part of the chapter. So there is life, but no power. Writers call it a state to pass through, not to stay in.
- Deliverance. Striving harder only proves the flesh is stronger. The lesson ends when a person stops looking for victory in himself and looks for a Deliverer outside himself. Then he makes much of Christ and nothing of self.
For I delight in the law of God according to the inward man
The apostle has been describing a struggle inside himself, and now he says something the old nature could never say: deep down, he loves God's law. So who is this man — and if he delights in God's law, why is he still miserable?
The writers quoted below use an older translation, which reads "after the inward man" where the ESV has "in my inner being." They point to this sentence as proof that a believer carries two natures at once.
This proves, beyond a doubt, that there are two natures. How could the old nature, which is sin, delight in the law of God? But it is so. Well, you say, it seems like a contradiction. That is exactly what the two natures are to each other.
Commentators differ over who has this "inward man." Some say only the believer has it.
"I delight in the law of God after the inward man." In the middle of all this struggling, he discovers an inward delight in what is of God. The only person who has this "inward man" is the believer, and so he delights in the wonderful law of God. Men often talk of feeding the inner man when they really mean the outer man, which perishes.
Others take the phrase to mean the part of a person that is not the body.
The inner man refers to the heart, mind, and so on: all that is within the body, but is distinct from it, and which can never die.
The same expression turns up in a later letter, and the comparison shows what Romans 7 lacks.
When the apostle looked into himself in Romans 7, he made a wonderful discovery. There was a part of him, the flesh, which "does not submit to God's law; indeed, it cannot." But there was also a part of himself which delighted in the things of God. In Romans 7 that inward man is without power. In Ephesians 3 the apostle prays for his readers to be strengthened with power through His Spirit in the inner man. What is lacking is strength, and the Spirit of God is there to give that strength.
Wanting the good and being able to do it are two different things, and this verse only proves the first.
"I delight in the law of God after the inward man." "I have the desire to do what is right, but not the ability to carry it out." That is, the man born again, before he learns by experience the true secret of strength, has spiritual instincts, but no spiritual power.
The more he values the law, the clearer his real condition becomes to him.
In Romans 7 the man has become intelligent. He acknowledges that the law is good, and he submits to it. His will is broken, for he takes pleasure in it. But one thing still fails — he has no righteousness. The more he understands how spiritual the law is, and the more he wants to keep it, the more he sees that righteousness is not in him. He is a miserable man.
One writer notices what this man is occupied with, and where he must look instead.
This delight he speaks of is no doubt proper enough. But it is also plain that he is occupied more with "the law of God" than with God Himself. No wonder he is miserable. He must learn that "the law of God" is not to be his standard of conduct, nor his source of strength. He must find both in the Son of God... "The law of God" is not "the power of God."
That leaves one question: how does a person get this new nature in the first place?
The law and the sinner are complete opposites — they can never be reconciled. I must get a new nature, stand on new ground, be in the new creation, before I can delight in the law of God. But how do I get this "inward man," this new nature? Not by works of law of any kind, but by faith in Jesus Christ.
- Born, not built. No one delights in God's law by nature. You receive the "inward man" through faith in Christ; no effort produces it.
- Proof. The delight itself is the evidence. The old nature could never take pleasure in God's law, so two natures are present at once.
- Gap. The inward man supplies desires, not power: spiritual instincts without spiritual strength.
- Misery. The more the man values the law, the more he sees that righteousness is not in him. The delight deepens the misery.
- Deliverance. The way out is a change of object. The law of God was never the power of God; strength comes from the Son of God and by His Spirit.
but I see another law in my members, warring in opposition to the law of my mind, and bringing me into captivity to the law of sin which exists in my members.
Paul's cry in this verse is not about things he has done wrong but about a force inside him that overpowers what he most wants. Two questions press on every reader. Who is the man speaking here? And why does someone who delights in God's law end up a prisoner?
One word carries two different meanings in this chapter.
Near the end of chapter 7 it is important to notice that this passage uses the word law in two senses. In most cases it means the law of God given through Moses. But in verses 23 and 25 we get "another law," "the law of my mind," and "the law of sin." Here the word means a power or force that acts in one steady direction. That is just the sense we use when we talk about "the laws of nature."
So the two "laws" at war in this verse are not two codes of rules. They are two forces, and the stronger one wins.
The verse is not about guilt. It is about power — and the lack of it.
Guilt is not the matter in hand, but power — or rather the total absence of it. So with the best possible desires and intentions, everything ends in captivity to sin, though sin is now hated. This is not the soul in the death and darkness of nature, but a renewed soul. God is loved, evil is hated; but the soul finds itself powerless either to carry out the one or to avoid the other.
This misery is not a sign of a false conversion. Only a person with a new nature could feel it.
Some may turn on me and say, "But sir, I am a child of God, I am not all flesh, I am born again, I have a new nature." But the man who cries, "Wretched man that I am! Who will deliver me from this body of death?" had a new nature too. It was his new nature that made him groan like that! ... Thank God for a new nature; but deliverance is another matter. Is there not a law in your members warring against the law of your mind? Are you not learning weakness rather than power — the strength of sin rather than the holiness you are seeking?
Fighting this inner force does not weaken it. The fight only shows how strong it is.
The flesh in me is, after all, too strong for me. The more I struggle with it for the mastery, the more it struggles with me and overpowers me. I am like a man in a wrestling match. My opponent has me pinned down, and however I wriggle and struggle, I cannot get up. The secret is out. You have been looking for victory over yourself, to beat this lust and that passion. And how proud you would be if you had won it! But must I not strive? you say. Strive on! Strive on! You have not come to the end of yourself yet.
Commentators are agreed that this experience is meant to teach something, not to be a permanent home.
In order to be truly delivered, you must learn, and learn by experience, that you are captive to the power of sin and have no power to free yourself, even when you want to be free. God uses the law for this purpose, along with the new man's desire to be free from the yoke of sin that he hates.
The one writing this was not in that condition when he wrote it.
We believe that in Romans 7 the apostle shows the exercise of a soul made alive but not yet knowing deliverance. To use a picture, it is a man who has got out of a trap describing how he felt while he was in it. Do you think Paul was a "wretched man" crying out for deliverance when he wrote his letter to the Romans? Certainly not! He was a happy man rejoicing in full deliverance. But he is describing a soul still under the law with no power against sin. In all this part of the chapter you do not find the Holy Spirit in His indwelling power. There is new life, but no power and no sense of full deliverance. All this you have in chapter 8.
The man's mistake is where he looks. He watches a standard instead of a Person.
The delight he speaks of is right enough, but it is also clear that he is more occupied with "the law of God" than with God Himself, and his misery is no surprise. He must learn that "the law of God" is neither to be his standard of conduct nor his source of strength; he must find both in the Son of God. In these verses he sees two distinct laws — that is, governing principles — in conflict. Each one claims him. But the "law of sin" keeps defeating "the law of God," so that against his own will he is carried captive.
- Force, not rule. "Another law" means a steady force, like a law of nature — sin at work in the body against the mind that loves God's law.
- Power, not guilt. The problem is not what he has done. It is that he has no strength, and the better his desires, the worse he feels.
- Proof, not doubt. Only a new nature can groan like this; the conflict is evidence of life, not evidence against it.
- Captivity, not stalemate. Struggling for mastery does not win; it pins you down until you come to the end of yourself.
- Deliverer, not standard. The law of God is neither his standard nor his strength. He finds both in the Son of God, and chapter 8 brings in the indwelling Spirit.
O wretched man that I [am]! who shall deliver me out of this body of death?
Romans 7 builds through verse after verse of failed effort. Here it breaks into a cry. Who is speaking? And why is this cry a turning point, not just defeat?
The man who groans here is not a rebel. One writer describes what he loves, and why he still fails:
After the first six verses, the Holy Spirit gives us the experience of a person troubled under law. So we do not have the Spirit of God introduced there at all. This is a remarkable fact... There, it is a renewed man — a soul truly born of God. He hates sin as no unconverted man does. He loves righteousness because it is of God, and he has a horror of evil. Yet despite all this, the evil he would not do, he does. The good he desires is never done. He has learned the evil of sin and sees the good of righteousness, but he is utterly powerless. What is the cause? The Holy Spirit shows the reason: he has only the law in front of him.
What is missing from the passage is as telling as what is in it:
Taking the chapter as it stands, you cannot help being struck by what the speaker does not mention. In all the verses from 7 to 24, he makes not one reference to the redemption work of Christ. He says not one word about the Spirit of God. These painful exercises plainly belong to someone who is born again and so has a new nature. But in his conscience he is under the law. He does not know redemption, and he does not have the gift of the indwelling Spirit. Yet a believer who has peace with God may have an experience of this kind, though in a modified form, since he does know redemption and does have the Spirit.
The complaint has moved past bad behaviour to the person himself.
Notice here, it is not "O wretched sins that I have committed!" That might be quite true as well. But it is, "O wretched man!" — the wretched man that I am. It is what he is himself.
So what has to go is not just his failures but himself:
Self, the old man, the body of this death, must be given up. We must have a Deliverer, and that Deliverer is Christ.
One writer explains the picture behind the phrase:
It is said that these words refer to a punishment used in the Roman army. When a soldier had committed a very serious offence, he was tied to a corpse and left to die in that condition. The living man would grow weaker and weaker without food and water. The corpse became more repulsive every day. Could any condition be more terrible?
Commentators differ over how far to press the words. Some read the corpse as the sinful nature carried inside. Another writer insists the man means his actual body:
This refers to the actual body, beyond doubt. The reason is this: the man who uttered that sorrowful complaint had been made to feel that death lay upon him and in him — in his mortal body.
One small word marks the end of self-effort and the start of rescue.
The soul sees that it has neither righteousness nor power. It is in despair about this, and looks around, not saying, How shall I? but Who will deliver me? It finds at once in God a deliverance already prepared in Jesus. It is not even that God will deliver: the deliverance is already done, and he gives thanks.
And the rescue asked for is total, not partial:
The cry is not, "Who will help me to deliver myself?" It is not, "Who will help me to make myself better?" It is, "Who will deliver me from myself altogether?" ... Deliverance does not come by his fighting for the victory. It comes by finding that he is in Christ, through whom he now lives before God.
The relief that follows is given to this same man:
The comfort of deliverance is all the more striking when you notice one thing. The "me" now set free, when we turn from self to Christ, is the same "me" that was groaning under law just before... "For the law of the Spirit of life in Christ Jesus freed me from the law of sin and death."
The writer quotes an older translation of Romans 8:2, which reads "freed me." The ESV has "has set you free from the law of sin and death." Either way, the man who cries out here is the man who is set free.
- Cry — the speaker is born again and hates sin, yet has no power. From verse 7 to here he never mentions redemption or the Spirit.
- Self — his complaint is not about his sins but about himself, so no amount of improvement can meet it.
- Corpse — "this body of death" pictures a living man tied to a corpse. He cannot free himself from it.
- Who — the question stops being how shall I and becomes who will, and the answer is a Person, already provided.
- Same me — the very "me" groaning here is the "me" set free in what follows, by the law of the Spirit of life in Christ Jesus.
I thank God, through Jesus Christ our Lord. So then *I* *myself* with the mind serve God's law; but with the flesh sin's law.
Verse 24 is the cry of a man who cannot rescue himself. This verse answers him — not with a plan, but with thanks. So why does the answer come as praise and not as a promise? And why does a freed man still admit that his flesh serves the law of sin?
The wording of the cry shapes the answer. Paul asks who will free him, not what.
It is not simply deliverance that the soul looks for, but a Deliverer. We may indeed come to the point when we realise our need of deliverance from sin, but fail to obtain it by looking for deliverance rather than a Deliverer. The question is not "How can I be delivered?" but, "Who shall deliver me?"
The turning point is the moment the struggling man stops looking inward at his own efforts.
He looks away from himself and his inward struggles altogether, to seek deliverance outside of himself. He finds the answer at once. God's way is always "through Jesus Christ our Lord" — deliverance is there. Think of a man struggling in the water to save himself. The sheer effort of his struggle blinds him to what is around him. At last he finds that he is powerless to save himself. He gives up the struggle, looks up for deliverance, and finds a lifebuoy close at hand.
Notice the tense. Paul does not say that help is coming. He gives thanks.
When we cast ourselves on grace, there is nothing but grace before us. Deliverance comes by our not being alive in the flesh at all. We have died away from it, and from under the law, which held us in bondage and condemnation. We are married to another, Christ raised from the dead. As soon as the distressed soul has said, "Who will deliver me?" the answer is ready: "Thanks be to God through Jesus Christ our Lord." The answer is not, He will deliver. Deliverance is already done: he gives thanks.
Read back through the chapter and one name is missing: Christ. It returns here.
Once this point is reached, deliverance is at hand: "Thanks be to God through Jesus Christ our Lord." The first word of the delivered man is praise, and it brings in a name we have not heard once in all the experience before it. The eye turned in on self had turned away from Christ… But how has it come, and in what form? Has power suddenly poured in from above to nerve the paralysed soul to do what was impossible until now? No; the words that follow rule that out. It is a word that has come home to the soul — a new revelation that shows the folly and hopelessness of the past struggle, and ends it forever.
The second half of the verse can feel like a step backwards. Commentators read it as a deliberate warning.
Before the Spirit of God unfolds the blessed portion of the delivered soul, one word is added: "So then, I myself serve the law of God with my mind, but with my flesh I serve the law of sin." It comes as both instruction and warning. It teaches us that we shall always have these two natures, whatever our progress. It describes them, and warns us that they will never change. The flesh, though we are now delivered from its mastery, will always remain flesh, and can never be changed or improved. We cannot drive this enemy out, and we cannot turn him into a friend. But we now know his character and the sources of our strength, and so we keep watch.
The conflict does not end when deliverance comes.
A godly person might suppose that, once deliverance comes in Christ Jesus, the conflict is over. That is not the case. This great principle comes out clearly only after the soul has known deliverance by Jesus Christ… I cannot give a calm account of how a man sinks in the swamp until I am out of it. This last verse states the lasting principle: flesh remains in us after we have known deliverance, so the conflict to keep it down goes on… But after deliverance we are no longer under the law; we belong to another. And the power of the Spirit is in us.
The flesh stays. So how does a freed person hold on to that freedom?
You only know deliverance as you keep in touch with the Deliverer… The circumstances stay the same as long as we are down here, but we have a Deliverer who can and does deliver us as long as we are looking to Him.
- Who, not how. The cry that gets answered asks for a Person. Looking for deliverance instead of a Deliverer leaves the soul still searching.
- Outside, not inside. The struggling man gives up trying to save himself and looks away. The help was already at hand.
- Thanks, not waiting. The reply is not "He will deliver." It is praise, because deliverance is already done.
- Named, not nameless. The name missing from the whole struggle returns the moment the eye turns off self. The change comes by a word that ends the struggle, not by new power poured in.
- Watchful, not finished. The flesh never improves, so the freed man keeps watch. He stays free while he keeps looking to the Deliverer.