Romans 11:18–20

What, then, is this root? Is it Christ? How could that be? No one was naturally connected to Him... Christ, then, is not the root of the olive tree. He is the Vine. Can it be Abraham?... So what can the root be but Abraham? God made the promises to him, and Israel was naturally connected to him as his physical descendants.

In nature the graft is good and the root is wild. The sapling is a crab apple, as we say — wild and sour, with small fruit. The gardener grafts in a good variety, say a Cox's orange pippin, and the tree then bears a cultivated apple, large and sweet. But here the graft is wild and the root cultivated — "contrary to nature," as the apostle is careful to point out. So the branches do not bear the root; the root bears the branches. And only one thing will keep the branches there and make them prosper: belief.

It is argued that the olive tree is the Church, the natural branches are Jews, and the wild ones Gentiles. But see how such handling of God's word blocks all true understanding of Scripture. Are true members of the body of Christ broken off? And does the standing of others depend only on their faithfulness?... The olive tree is the line of privilege running through the world's history. It began with Abraham and continued in those who came after him. They, however, were "broken off" because of their unbelief, and the line has now passed on to Christendom.

It is the tree of testimony on earth, God's separated witness that carries responsibility. It reaches into the millennium, the thousand-year age to come, when all Israel will be saved. It does not wipe out the difference between Jew and Gentile. It keeps the Jews as the natural branches, though Gentiles may be grafted in for a time.

The natural branches of the olive tree were broken off, and the wild olive, or Gentile, grafted into the old stock of profession. And here is the warning: "Then you will say, 'Branches were broken off so that I might be grafted in.'" Has this not been exactly the feeling of Christendom? Contempt for the Jews. Shock at their wickedness. And total blindness about their own condition.

The reason why Israel lost its position for a time, as a nation, was its unbelief and pride. The Gentile has been brought in only as a favour from God; not because he is any better than the other. If therefore he develops the same pride and unbelief that marked the Israelite, shall he not also be cut off? Indeed he will.

The Gentiles' admission to privilege is linked with the failure of Israel. In the same way, the taking up of the Jews again for blessing is linked with the falling away of the Gentiles. A solemn fact for Christendom!

Remember this: if Gentiles are cut off, no restoration is promised to them. For Israel a hope is held out, on the condition stated with it.

The Jews are meant by the natural branches. They had held the promises of old, and so they had the responsible place of witness for God on the earth. That is why they were the original branches of the olive tree, the line of promise and witness on earth which began with Abraham. And here is the warning: "Then you will say, 'Branches were broken off so that I might be grafted in.'" Has this not been exactly the feeling of Christendom? It has shown contempt for the Jews, shock at their wickedness, and complete unconcern about its own condition.

Unbelief had broken off the natural branches. Faith was the means that brought the foreign shoot in. Faith is the condition of their standing. Just naming it silences the self-congratulating boast he had just warned them against.

Faith makes everything of God. So let the Gentiles beware of pride that makes something of self. They too may fall into unbelief.

The reference to the grafting of trees in Romans 11 shows that the practice existed then. It speaks of Gentiles, the wild olive branches, grafted into the good olive tree. Scripture calls this "contrary to nature." Gentiles have now been grafted into the tree of witness on earth, and of promise. But later the natural branches, Israel, will be grafted again into "their own olive tree." It does not refer to individual salvation.

It is very important not to confuse two things. One is the continuous line of the inheritance of the promise on earth, the olive tree. The other is the mystery of Christ and the church, where everything is new and above nature. No member is ever broken off the body, and the Jew is no more a natural limb of it than the Gentile.

All such stand by faith, or not at all. He did not spare the natural branches, so we cannot expect Him to spare the grafts if they do not value His goodness. So comes the threat in verse 22: "you also will be cut off." This is not a question of individual salvation, which the failure of an age cannot touch. The point is that God will reject Gentile profession as a whole, just as He rejected Israel in an earlier age, if it is not faithful.

Paul anticipates such an attitude in Romans 11:19 and 25. There is the danger of being wise in our own eyes, as if all our resources are in our own hands. That would despise the lessons of Israel's history and failure, which are there to instruct and warn us.

But the Gentile must not boast. He says, "you do not support the root, but the root supports you." And note this: it was because of unbelief they were broken off. It was not because God willed to break them off, but because of their own unbelief. And the Gentile stands by faith.

The place of the Gentile Church as a branch grafted into the olive root has already been stated. Now we are told the only terms on which that place is kept. Unbelief had broken off the natural branches. Faith was the way the foreign shoot came in. Faith is the condition of their standing, and the very mention of it silences the self-congratulating boast he had just warned them against.

We receive the gospel on the basis of faith. The believer's whole life from that moment on rests on faith too. What we receive by faith produces faith. This principle of faith rules out all efforts of the flesh.

Let the Gentile then beware. Israel was cut off because of unbelief. The Gentiles come into blessing only through faith in God. Faith makes everything of God. Let the Gentiles beware of the pride that makes something of self, in case they too fall into unbelief.

Over-confident claims and a self-righteous spirit are no evidence of faith, and where faith is missing we should expect the cutting off. Faith gives the spirit of godly fear — a healthy reverence for God's just rule.

But how simple it all is when we see not the Church, but the privileges of grace. The olive tree is the line of privilege throughout the world's history. It began with Abraham and continued in his successors. They were "broken off" because of their unbelief. The line has now passed on to Christendom, where great numbers of Gentiles enjoy privileges they once had no share in. All is clear. The Church is not touched, but profession and responsibility are.

No doubt those who make up the church, Christ's body, come in as branches standing through faith in the place of the Jewish ones broken off. But so do others who only profess Christ. They do not value God's goodness. They abandon it for religious forms, or scepticism, or open evil. This is no question of saving grace. It is a question of responsibility on earth, according to the testimony given — first to Israel, then to Christendom.

So the Gentile gets a full warning. He is shown the principle of God's dealings — the goodness and severity of God toward those who fell, the Israelite branches cut off. "Toward you goodness, if you continue in His goodness." Otherwise the Gentile branches would be broken off, as the Jewish ones were. Have they so continued? Has Gentile profession continued in the faith and walk once delivered to the saints?