And to the angel of the assembly in Philadelphia write These things saith the holy, the true; he that has the key of David, he who opens and no one shall shut, and shuts and no one shall open
The letter to Philadelphia opens with a Person — holy, true, and holding a key. Why does the Lord describe Himself so differently here? And why does a royal official's title become His own?
The other letters open with something the Lord holds or walks among. Here that changes.
The Lord presents Himself to this assembly in a way that is quite different from His approach to all the other churches of Asia. To Ephesus He comes as the One who holds the seven stars in His right hand and walks among the seven golden lampstands. To Smyrna He speaks as "the first and the last, who died and came to life"... In these presentations what the Lord has stands out most. But in His presentation to Philadelphia what stands out is what He is in His own blessed Person — "the holy one, the true one." What He is in Himself is always greater and more precious than what He has.
The article in the Greek text points to something more than a good quality held in measure.
Here, then, we have Christ in personal character — what He is in Himself. He is the holy, He is the true. Others may be holy and true in a limited degree, so saying that much hardly gives the force of the words "the holy, the true." He is both in His own Person, and always the embodiment of holiness and truth. In themselves these are divine attributes... People and things are called holy and true, but no created being has the essential moral glory of being The Holy One and The True One. As used in our text they are really divine titles.
The word behind "true" here is not the one that means "not lying." It contrasts the genuine with the shadowy and the merely professed.
This word is not always the true as opposed to the false. Very often it means the substantial as opposed to the shadowy outline. So in Hebrews 8:2 we have the "true tabernacle," which our great High Priest entered. That implies that the tabernacle in the wilderness was only an earthly copy of what had a most real existence in heaven. So too Christ is called "the true light" (John 1:9), though John the Baptist was also "a burning and shining lamp" (John 5:35).
The title searches anyone content with a reputation.
Here is His own Person judging according to the truth. He reveals Himself in a way that works in practice. He insists on what is genuine. He no longer allows a mere acknowledgment of truth that is not carried out. He will have moral reality.
The Lord takes these words from an older prophecy about a royal official.
In these words and in those that follow the reference is to Isaiah 22:22. Shebna is removed from office and disgraced. Then the prophet announced the appointment of Eliakim to the administration of the royal authority. In depth and fullness the terms of the prophecy are Messianic. They go far beyond what happened in the days of Hezekiah. Isaiah's announcement and the words here are almost the same, and both imply administrative authority: Isaiah's in connection with royalty in Judah, and this one in connection with grace to the Church. The "key" as a symbol means undisputed right to enter and exercise all needful authority.
The key is not only a title. It settles what can and cannot be stopped.
We also find Him arranging things in favour of the church. If He opens a door, no one can shut it. If He shuts a door, no one can open it. So there are two things. He is the holy and the true to those who trust in Him. And He also has, not the display of power here, but the key of power... Let all the power of man or Satan do their worst. If I am resting in Christ, who is perfectly true, and He has opened a door, neither man nor devil can shut it.
Because the Lord names both qualities, neither can be traded for the other.
Holiness will not do without the truth, nor the truth without holiness. The absence of either is not of the Spirit of God.
- Person — This letter leads with what Christ is, not with what He holds. What He is in Himself is the greater thing.
- Holy — Creatures may be holy and true in a limited degree. These words are divine titles, and they belong to Him alone.
- Real — "True" here means genuine and substantial, not just honest. It exposes truth that is admitted but never carried out.
- Key — From Isaiah 22:22, the key of David means undisputed right to act with full authority. Eliakim held it in figure; Christ holds it in fact.
- Door — He opens and shuts, and no one can reverse it. Whoever rests in Him is secure against man and devil alike.
I know thy works behold, I have set before thee an opened door, which no one can shut, because thou hast a little power, and hast kept my word, and hast not denied my name.
The Lord who holds the key of David sets an open door before this church. The reason lies not in size or success, but in little power, a kept word, and a name never denied.
They were too weak to open the door themselves. One writer shows why the key in Christ's hand was what they needed:
The Lord presents Himself as having the key of David. So they ought not to look to the power of the world, nor to man; for if He had the key, that was the very thing they wanted. Human energy might be at work all around — Jezebel, false prophets, and the rest. But there was this blessed One, the Holy and the True. They were weak, so they needed Him all the more. They had so little strength that perhaps they could not even open the door; but He says He had opened it for them. He had brought them into a large place where there was no bondage or constraint... They valued Christ. They wanted to know more of Him, and He knew their heart.
The Lord opens this door for testimony and service, and no opposition can close it:
We gather from this that wherever the condition described here is found, the Lord opens a door for His servants. It is a door for His testimony and service. He will keep it open, whatever hostile efforts men make to close it. It is not a door standing open, but one that the Lord has opened. It was so in the Lord's own service among Israel. To the outward eye He had only a little strength. He was crucified in weakness. He lived by every word that came out of the mouth of God. He did not deny His Father's name. Men were full of cunning, malice, and hostility, yet there was always an open door before Him. To Him the doorkeeper opened, and so it is now for all who have the moral marks given here. So we never need to be anxious about open doors for service. Our only concern should be to be in a fit state for His use. Then a door will always open, even though there are many adversaries.
The phrase describes a church with nothing impressive to show the world. These writers quote it as "a little strength":
First, the Lord says, "You have but little power." This church is not marked by any display of power that would attract the notice of the world. ... The world delights in a strong man; God delights to carry out His work through weak vessels... Their wisdom, then, is not to claim power they do not have, nor to covet gifts that have passed away. Instead they own their true condition — they have only a little strength. So they find the support of the Lord, the One who has all power, who holds the key, and whom no one can resist.
Little strength is still strength. One writer sets it beside Sardis and Laodicea:
Yet the very expression "a little strength" assumes they had some strength. That is more than could be said of Sardis or Laodicea... Philadelphia has only a little strength. But it is enough to rise above the deadness of Sardis and the self-sufficiency of Laodicea. In doing so it had the Lord's approval.
Two questions arise here: whose word, and what does keeping it involve?
Not simply the Word as a whole, however true that may be of the Philadelphians, but Christ's word... His word covers the whole circle of Christian truth... Further, "keeping" the word implies that it is treasured in the heart and obeyed in the life. The Lord does not say you have expounded or taught the word, though that may be true. He puts the emphasis on the great fact that His word is kept. Those with little strength may have little gift. But something far more valuable in the Lord's eyes can mark them — obedience to His word.
One writer links the two commendations and names the target of Satan's attack:
The Word and the Name go together... All the heresies that have come into the world have always had their root in the abuse of the name of Christ... The great assault of Satan is against the Person of Christ, and your safeguard is holding fast that name.
One writer warns against turning these marks into a label:
No one need look for great attainments, in themselves or in others, for Philadelphia is marked by "little strength." But there is the keeping of Christ's word and not denying His name. May these features mark each one of us. To be governed by these marks is to be Philadelphian in character. But to claim the name of Philadelphia is the sure road to the state of Laodicea. Any assumption on our part is fatal to true spiritual progress.
- His key — the One who holds all authority opens the door, so weakness is no barrier and opposition no threat.
- His door — it opens for testimony and service; the concern is not to find an opening but to be fit for His use.
- His strength — "a little" makes no display that impresses the world. Yet it lifts Philadelphia above the deadness of Sardis and the self-satisfaction of Laodicea.
- His word — to keep it is to treasure it and obey it, which He values above gift or teaching.
- His name — word and name stand or fall together. Refusing to deny His Person is the safeguard — a character to live, never a label to claim.