Numbers 28:9–10

Numbers 28:9 · Darby

And on the sabbath day two yearling lambs without blemish, and two tenth parts of fine flour as an oblation, mingled with oil, and the drink-offering thereof

Numbers 28 lists Israel's offerings in order, from the daily lamb to the sabbath. On the sabbath the number of lambs doubles — so why does the day of rest call for more, not less?

Burnt Offering, Not Sin Offering

The kind of sacrifice named here settles what the day was about:

Again, what were the two lambs for the Sabbath — a sin offering or a burnt offering? "This is the burnt offering of every Sabbath." It was to be double. The reason is that the Sabbath was a picture of the rest that remains for God's people, when there will be a twofold appreciation of Christ. But the character of the offering is as plain as possible. It was Christ toward God. This is the special point in the burnt offering. The sin offering is Christ toward us. In the sin offering the question is the hatefulness of sin. In the burnt offering the question is the preciousness and excellency of Christ.

Modernised from C. H. MackintoshOriginal wording

The Flour and the Oil

The lambs do not come alone. Fine flour mixed with oil goes up with them, and each part of that grain offering stands for something.

Made of fine flour, whether dry or cooked, it pictured the Lord as a man. Mixed with oil, and presented with frankincense whenever frankincense was used, it spoke of His conception by the Holy Spirit and of His life on earth, being a sweet savour to God.

Modernised from The Christian's FriendOriginal wording

Why the Number Doubles

The sabbath points to God's rest. So what does the second lamb add?

This clearly goes on to the rest of God, of which the sabbath is always the well-known figure. When it comes, the only difference will be that the testimony to the value of Christ will be more widely spread and fuller… But when the sabbath dawns on the earth, the true sabbath of Jehovah in all its meaning, there will be a public witness of it all over the world that cannot be mistaken. This seems referred to in the doubling of the lamb. It is the idea of the rest of God set against the time of working that comes before it… "So then, there remains a Sabbath rest for the people of God." The time of the true rest is not yet come. Notice, it does not mean the rest we have got for our souls by faith. Instead, it is the rest of glory for the people of God and for the world, when there will be this widespread testimony.

Modernised from William KellyOriginal wording

Time and Eternity Joined

Read together, the daily and the sabbath offering reach beyond Israel's week:

These two ordinances, then, of the daily and the Sabbath offering, fall into one section. Together they give us the perpetual offering — in picture, the abiding preciousness of Christ for time and for eternity. Eternity only confirms and underlines what every day of time has witnessed to before.

Modernised from Numerical Bible NotesOriginal wording

Added, Never Substituted

The extra lambs never crowd out the daily sacrifice — called "the continual burnt offering" in older translations and "the regular burnt offering" in the ESV.

No matter how many sacrifices were offered on this altar, following the detailed instructions in the book of Leviticus, the daily morning and evening burnt offering was never to be left out. God appointed special sacrifices for the Sabbath and for the other feasts. But these were never to replace or exclude "the continual burnt offering."

Modernised from The Christian's FriendOriginal wording

Work on the Day of Rest

Jesus later drew on this command Himself. The priests kept sacrificing on the very day Israel rested:

The Lord cites from the law itself another witness. The priests did not stop sacrificing on the sabbath. The law even increased the morning and evening sacrifices on that day (Num. 28:9-10). Man's sin was the reason these sacrifices were needed, but so was the grace of God that provided for the sin. This whole sacrificial system was much older than the law. It was the constant, though veiled, witness of the grace running through all earlier ages… Before it, wherever there was conflict, the "sign" of the legal covenant gave way, as here.

Modernised from Numerical Bible NotesOriginal wording

Summary

- Continual — the daily lamb never stops. Every special sacrifice adds to it and never replaces it.

- Doubled — the sabbath adds a second lamb. Commentators see in it a fuller, more public witness to the worth of Christ when God's rest comes.

- Godward — the day's sacrifice is a burnt offering. The theme is not sin dealt with, but the preciousness of Christ to God.

- Flour and oil — the grain offering pictures the Lord as a man, conceived by the Holy Spirit, His life on earth a sweet savour to God.

- Unbroken — priests sacrificed on the sabbath itself. Grace kept working through the day of rest, and Jesus later drew that witness from the law.

Numbers 28:10 · Darby

it is the burnt-offering of the sabbath, for each sabbath besides the continual burnt-offering, and its drink-offering.

Numbers 28 lists the offerings Israel owed God through the year. Verse 10 closes the sabbath part, and it raises two questions: why the sabbath lamb is doubled, and why the daily sacrifice still stands alongside it.

A Burnt Offering, Not a Sin Offering

The first thing to settle is what kind of offering these two lambs were. One writer asks the question and lets the text answer it.

Again, what were the two lambs for the Sabbath — a sin offering or a burnt offering? "This is the burnt offering of every Sabbath." It was to be double, because the Sabbath was a picture of the rest that remains for God's people. In that rest there will be a twofold appreciation of Christ. But the character of the offering is as plain as possible. It was Christ presented to God. That is the special point in the burnt offering. The sin offering is Christ toward us. With the sin offering, the question is the hatefulness of sin; with the burnt offering, the question is the preciousness and excellence of Christ.

Modernised from C. H. MackintoshOriginal wording

The same writer weighs the two chapters by the line and finds the proportion decisive:

There are seventy-one verses in the entire section; and, out of these, thirteen allude to the sin offering, and the remaining fifty-eight are occupied with sweet savour offerings.

Modernised from C. H. MackintoshOriginal wording

Why the Number Is Doubled

The daily lamb already spoke of Christ. So why two on the sabbath? One writer ties the doubling to God's rest and to a wider witness.

There is the sweet savour of Christ rising continually, in which God regards His people on the earth… This goes on to the rest of God, of which the sabbath is always the well-known figure. When it comes, the only difference will be that the testimony to the value of Christ will be wider and fuller… Christianity has brought it out in its very depths. But it is a thing known only to the believer on the one hand, and to God on the other. But the true sabbath of the Lord will dawn on the earth in all its meaning. Then there will be a public witness of it all over the world that cannot be mistaken. This seems referred to in the doubling of the lamb.

Modernised from William KellyOriginal wording

Another writer draws the same line forward to the worshipper's own capacity:

The Sabbath speaks of the eternal rest of God, and in that day our appreciation of the sacrifice of Christ will not diminish, but increase.

Modernised from Leslie M. GrantOriginal wording

"Besides the Regular Burnt Offering"

The word besides matters. The two sabbath lambs were an addition to a sacrifice that had never stopped — older translations call it the continual burnt offering.

There was a clear command never to let the fire of the altar go out. It was a lasting rule for the children of Israel. The book of Leviticus gives detailed instructions for many other sacrifices on this altar. However many of them were offered, the daily morning and evening burnt offering was never to be left out… Special sacrifices were appointed for the Sabbath and for the other feasts. But these were never to replace or exclude "the continual burnt offering."

Modernised from The Christian's FriendOriginal wording

The Grain Offering That Goes With It

A meal offering of grain went with each lamb. One writer shows why the two could never be separated.

Numbers 15:4, 6, 9 shows that meal offerings had to go with offerings by fire (compare Numbers 28:5). This fact shows that Christ's sacrifice would not have been possible without His perfect life on earth. The two belonged together, and the same was true of the continual morning and evening burnt offering.

Modernised from Michael HardtOriginal wording

The Drink Offering Named in the Verse

The verse ends with the drink offering that went with the daily sacrifice. There was a rule about which offerings it could join.

Under the law drink offerings were not to be offered alone… They had to go with the sweet-savour offerings (Numbers 15:1-13), above all with the burnt offering and the meal offering that came with it. They were never to go with the sin or trespass offerings. There could be no joy for God in Christ's sufferings when He was made sin on the cross… But there is always joy for God in the complete obedience of Christ, obedient even to death, in doing the will of God.

Modernised from Andrew LanghamOriginal wording

What This Means for Worship

One writer turns this straight to how believers worship now.

All this shows the Christian reader the true character of the worship God looks for, and in which He delights. God delights in Christ; and it should be our constant aim to present to God that in which He delights. Christ should always be what our worship is made of… Sadly, it is often otherwise with us… We are taken up with ourselves instead of with Christ.

Modernised from C. H. MackintoshOriginal wording

Summary

- Continual — the daily burnt offering never stopped. Feast sacrifices were added to it, never put in its place.

- Doubled — the sabbath lamb is two, not one. God's rest brings a fuller and more public witness to the worth of Christ.

- For God — this is a burnt offering, not a sin offering. It speaks of how precious Christ is, not how hateful sin is.

- Accompanied — the meal offering ties the sacrifice to Christ's perfect life. The drink offering marks God's joy, so it never went with a sin offering.

- Ours — worship is still made of the same material: Christ, not ourselves.