Job 38:12–15

Job 38:12

Hast thou since thy days commanded the morning? hast thou caused the dawn to know its place,

God speaks to Job out of the storm. Instead of explaining his suffering, He asks questions about the world — the earth's foundations, the sea's limits, and now the daily arrival of light. The question is simple and unanswerable: has Job ever once given the order that started a morning?

Questions Instead of Answers

Job had set himself up to judge God's ways, and this is the answer he gets. The questions are not for information. They are meant to expose how little he knows about the ordinary workings of the world he lives in.

This is the man who claimed to sit in judgment on God's moral ways. The first thing done is to overwhelm him with the sense of his utter ignorance and powerlessness in the smallest things of divine energy, even in creation. Where was Job when Jehovah founded the earth? ... He whose understanding stood baffled at such a question was not in a position to judge of His deep things.

William Kelly

Beyond Human Command

The sunrise is the most familiar event there is. No one has ever caused one or delayed one.

Has Job ever commanded a single morning to appear, or caused the dawn to know the place of its appearing? With all his supposed knowledge and power, man cannot command the forces of nature to do his bidding. Day by day the light appears in its appointed place. It floods the earth with light, and the guilty flee from it. Evening falls, and no word of man can stop or hurry this constant action. Only One gave His command at the beginning: "Let there be light." Since that time evening and morning have known their appointed time and place.

Samuel Ridout

Ridout notes two exceptions. Joshua halted the day, and the shadow moved back on King Hezekiah's sundial. Both happened at God's word, not man's.

Job's Own Night

The question lands hard because Job had been sitting in darkness, longing for relief. If commanding the morning were in his power, his troubles would already be over.

Did Job decide when the morning was to dawn? What a question for the man who thought he could in effect make God accountable to him! The morning always follows the night, and what man can change this amazing fact? Job had been feeling the darkness of night in the hard experiences he had suffered. If he could command the morning, then he could bring complete relief to the trials of darkness. But only God can cause the dawn to know its place.

Leslie M. Grant

Light That Uncovers

Daylight reaches the ends of the earth and ends the cover that night gives to evildoers.

"…that it might take hold of the ends of the earth" — that is, when the sun rises to gild it — "that the wicked might be shaken out of it?" The darkness of night gives the opportunity for murder and burglary and all the other crimes of men, more than any other time. "It is turned as clay to the seal." When the earth is in darkness, you can no more make it out than clay before the seal is pressed into it. But the moment the light shines, there you find its shape and its beauty as God fixed it.

William Kelly

A Morning Still to Come

Commentators read the sunrise here as a picture as well as a fact.

When the millennial day dawns it will embrace "the ends of the earth," and the wicked will be shaken out of it. The wicked love darkness rather than light because their deeds are evil. At that day the light of "the Sun of righteousness," rising with "healing in His wings," will expose them. The Lord Jesus, the true Light, will so expose the wicked as to shake them out of the earth.

Leslie M. Grant

Hope Hidden Inside the Rebuke

The questions humble Job, but there is kindness in the choice of subject. God picks the one thing that always ends — night.

This appeal to day and night is most effective. Shall Job accuse One who is Light, who sees all things as they are? Shall he doubt One who knows the secrets of his heart, and the reason for these chastenings? Do not these questions give a hint that God will cause Job's night to end, and at the appointed time cause His dawn to visit the poor sufferer?

Samuel Ridout

Summary

- Command. The morning comes by an order Job never gave. Only One said "Let there be light," and evening and morning have kept their appointed time ever since.

- Place. The dawn "knows its place." It rises where and when God appoints, and no human word can hurry it or hold it back.

- Exposure. Night is the cover for crime. When light takes hold of the ends of the earth, the world's shape stands out like clay under a seal, and evildoers are shaken out.

- Prospect. Writers see in that sunrise a picture of a coming day. The Sun of righteousness will rise, and the true Light will expose the wicked who loved darkness.

- Comfort. The same God who ends every night can end Job's. The question that humbles him also hints at a dawn appointed for him.

Job 38:13

That it might take hold of the ends of the earth, and the wicked might be shaken out of it?

Out of the storm, God asks Job whether he has ever ordered a sunrise, sent its light to the far edges of the earth, and shaken the wicked off the ground. The question is not astronomy but a test: if Job cannot govern one daybreak, how can he judge the One who governs them all?

The Question Put to Job

Job had been demanding an explanation from God. God answers by asking who runs the daybreak.

Did Job decide when the morning was to dawn? (v.12). What a question for the man who thought he could in effect make God accountable to him! The morning always follows the night, and what man can change this amazing fact? Job had been feeling the darkness of night in the hard experiences he had suffered. If he could command the morning, then he could bring complete relief to the trials of darkness. But only God can cause the dawn to know its place.

Leslie M. Grant

Dawn Reaching the Edges of the Earth

First light spreads until it grips the far rim of the world — the "skirts", or ends, of the earth. With light comes a plain effect on how people behave.

"That it might take hold of the ends of the earth" — that is, when the sun rises to gild it, as it were — "that the wicked might be shaken out of it?" This is because the darkness of the night is exactly what gives the opportunity for murder and burglary and all the other crooked dealings of men more than any other time.

William Kelly

Light That Exposes

Nothing changes shape at sunrise; only what can be seen changes. The next verse compares this to soft clay taking the mark of a seal.

As the mark of the signet-ring on the formless clay, so the light stamps on the face of the earth the varied forms and colours of all things. They stand out like a lovely garment — or the reverse, a scene of ruin — under the light. The light shows all things as they are: "Anything that becomes visible is light" (Eph. 5:13). The night is the light of the wicked; they hate the light, and will not come to it, in case their deeds should be exposed. The coming of the light stops their deeds. Their uplifted arm is broken.

Samuel Ridout

A Picture of a Coming Day

Commentators also read this sunrise as the preview of a far larger daybreak.

Verse 13 reminds us that when the millennial day dawns it will embrace "the ends of the earth," and the wicked will be shaken out of it. The wicked, who love darkness rather than light because their deeds are evil, will at that day be exposed by the light of "the Sun of righteousness" arising with "healing in His wings." The Lord Jesus, the true Light, will so expose the wicked as to shake them out of the earth.

Leslie M. Grant

How the Daylight Shapes a Life

The light that exposes evil also shapes how God's people live now, and where they will live at last.

So the light of God's presence detects evil. When He causes the dawning of a new day — "The day of the Lord" — evildoers will be shaken out of the earth. For this reason, His people, who are "children of light, children of the day," order their life by the light. For this reason, in that fair land where there is no night, nothing unclean can enter. It is the home of the light. None could remain there but the sons of light. "Its lamp is the Lamb."

Samuel Ridout

Hope Hidden in the Question

The question that silences Job also carries a promise. The God who never fails to bring a morning has one for him too.

This appeal to day and night is most effective. Shall Job accuse One who is Light, who sees all things as they are? Shall he doubt One who knows the secrets of his heart, and the reason for these chastenings? Do not these questions give a hint that God will cause Job's night to end, and at the appointed time cause His dayspring to visit the poor sufferer?

Samuel Ridout

Summary

- Whose morning — Job wanted his darkness to end, but he could not command a single sunrise; only God causes the dawn to know its place.

- What light does — daybreak changes nothing on the ground. It stamps the earth like a seal on clay, so everything stands out as it is.

- Why the wicked scatter — night covers murder, theft and crooked dealing. When light takes hold of the earth's far edges, the raised arm is broken.

- The larger dawn — the same pattern points ahead to a day when the Sun of righteousness rises, exposes evil and shakes the wicked out of the earth.

- The believer's answer — children of the day live by the light now. They are heading for a land where night never falls and the Lamb is its lamp.

Job 38:14

It is changed like the signet-clay; and [all things] stand forth as in a garment

God's questions to Job move from the earth's foundations to something Job saw every morning: daybreak. Why point a suffering man to a sunrise, and what does a seal pressed into clay have to do with it?

The Setting: God's Questions About the Dawn

The verse sits inside a run of questions about day and night. God asks Job who commands them:

Has Job ever commanded a single morning to appear, or caused the dawn to know the place of its appearing? With all his supposed knowledge and power, man cannot command the forces of nature to do his bidding. Day by day the light appears in its appointed place. It floods the earth, and the guilty flee from it. Evening falls, and no word of man can stop or hurry this constant action. Only One gave His command at the beginning: "Let there be light." Since that time evening and morning have known their appointed time and place.

Samuel Ridout

The Picture: Clay Under the Seal

The image comes from ordinary business in the ancient world. A seal was a stone with a design cut into it, and it left its mark on soft clay:

Stones with words, letters, or symbols cut into them. In ancient times people pierced these stones and hung them from the arm or the neck by a cord or chain, or set them in rings and wore them on the finger. They pressed the design into pieces of clay attached to official documents. In the East such a document is not considered genuine unless it carries a seal.

Morrish Bible Dictionary

At night the earth is the blank clay. The dawn is the stamp:

"It is turned as clay to the seal." While the earth lies in darkness, you cannot make it out at all. It is like clay before the seal is pressed into it. But the moment the light shines, there you find its shape and its beauty as God fixed it.

William Kelly

(Kelly quotes an older translation of the phrase; the ESV reads, "It is changed like clay under the seal.")

The Second Image: Standing Out Like a Garment

The verse adds a second picture: clothing. What the light uncovers is not always lovely:

The signet-ring leaves its mark on formless clay. In the same way, the light stamps the varied forms and colours of all things on the face of the earth. They stand out like a lovely garment — or the reverse, a scene of ruin — under the light. The light shows all things as they are: "Anything that becomes visible is light" (Eph. 5:13). The night is the light of the wicked; they hate the light and will not come to it, in case their deeds should be exposed.

Samuel Ridout

(The older translation reads "whatsoever doth make manifest is light.")

The Wider Reach: A Morning Still to Come

Ridout reads this daybreak as a picture of a larger one. What sunrise does to those who work in the dark, God's own day will do to evil everywhere:

So the light of God's presence detects evil. When He causes a new day to dawn — "the day of the Lord" — evildoers will be shaken out of the earth. For this reason His people, who are "children of the light and of the day," order their life by the light. For this reason, in that fair land where there is no night, nothing that defiles can enter. It is the home of the light. None could remain there but the sons of light. "The Lamb is the light of it."

Samuel Ridout

The Point for Job Himself

These questions are aimed at a suffering man who had argued with God. Inside the challenge is a promise:

This appeal to day and night is most effective. Shall Job accuse One who is Light, who sees all things as they are? Shall he doubt One who knows the secrets of his heart, and the reason for these chastenings? Do not these questions hint that God will end Job's night, and at the appointed time send His dawn to visit the poor sufferer?

Samuel Ridout

Summary

- Whose morning — Job never commanded a single sunrise. God said, "Let there be light," and evening and morning have kept their appointed time and place ever since.

- Light stamps — the dark earth is blank clay. Daylight presses down like a seal, and shape and beauty appear as God fixed them.

- Light clothes — the same light brings out forms and colours like a garment. What it uncovers may be lovely, or a scene of ruin.

- Light exposes — this is why the wicked prefer night and will not come to the light: it shows all things as they are.

- Light dawns — a greater morning will shake evildoers out of the earth. The God who sends it can also end the night of a sufferer like Job.

Job 38:15

And from the wicked their light is withholden, and the uplifted arm is broken.

God is questioning Job out of the storm about the daybreak — who commands the morning, and what it does when it comes. This verse is the last line of that picture: light is bad news for those who needed the dark, and the lifted arm is broken.

Darkness as the wicked man's working hours

The verse assumes the wicked have a light of their own, and it is not daylight. Ridout names what it is:

The night is the light of the wicked; they hate the light, and will not come to it, in case their deeds should be exposed. The coming of the light stops their deeds. Their uplifted arm is broken.

Samuel Ridout

This is not poetry alone. Kelly reads the dawn's shaking of the wicked as something anyone can observe about human behaviour at night:

Because the darkness of the night is exactly what gives the opportunity for murder and burglary and all the other dishonest dealings of men, more than any other time.

William Kelly

Light that exposes

Withholding the wicked man's light is not God adding a punishment from outside. It is what light does when it arrives. Light shows everything as it really is, beautiful or ruined.

A signet ring stamps its mark on shapeless clay. In the same way, the light stamps the varied forms and colours of all things on the face of the earth. Under that light they stand out like a lovely garment — or the opposite, a scene of ruin. The light shows all things as they are: "Anything that becomes visible is light" (Eph. 5:13).

Samuel Ridout

The arm that was lifted

The second half of the verse pictures a raised arm. Grant reads it as the arm of opposition to God, and then applies it to Job himself, who had come near to doing the same thing:

Because the wicked love darkness, light is withheld from them (v.15). Their arm, lifted up in opposition to God, is simply broken. Job should certainly have been deeply impressed by this. He had been dangerously close to raising his arm against God, and in this way acting as the wicked do.

Leslie M. Grant

A dawn still to come

Ridout reads this daybreak as a picture of a larger morning still to come.

So the light of God's presence detects evil. When He causes a new day to dawn — "the day of the Lord" — evildoers will be shaken out of the earth. For this reason His people, who are "children of light, children of the day," order their lives by the light. For this reason, in that fair land where there is no night, nothing unclean can enter. It is the home of light. None could remain there but the sons of light. "Its lamp is the Lamb."

Samuel Ridout

The same light that ends Job's night

The picture cuts both ways. The God who brings morning to expose evil is the God who can bring morning to a suffering man.

This appeal to day and night is very effective. Will Job accuse One who is Light, who sees all things as they are? Will he doubt One who knows the secrets of his heart, and the reason for these chastenings? Do these questions not hint that God will bring Job's night to an end, and at the appointed time cause His dawn to visit the poor sufferer?

Samuel Ridout

Summary

- Night — Darkness is the only "light" the wicked have. They use it as cover, and Kelly notes that night is when crime happens.

- Dawn — Light does not debate evil. It exposes evil, stamping everything into view like a seal pressed into clay.

- Withheld — Losing that light is not an extra penalty. God simply removes the cover their deeds required.

- Broken — The arm raised against God is broken at daybreak. Grant applies this to Job, who had come close to raising his own.

- Morning — The same light that shakes out evildoers is the light that ends Job's night. God's people, children of the day, order their lives by it.