But wisdom, where shall it be found? and where is the place of understanding?
Job has just described men tunnelling into the earth for silver, gold and sapphires. Then he stops and asks the one question all that digging cannot answer: can human skill, wealth or exploration ever reach the place where wisdom lives?
Job watched men do remarkable things with rock and water, and saw that none of it produced what he was after.
F. B. HoleIn Job's day people practised mining. It may have been a new pursuit then, whether for iron or copper, for gold or silver or gems. They dig down, they divert the underground stream, they cut paths that the strongest beasts and the sharpest-eyed birds have never walked. But in all this searching they never find wisdom. This is the question he raised in verse 12, and he was right to say that these human activities could not find it. Men may discover much. Since Job's day they have discovered far more. But wisdom still escapes them.
The failure is not only in the method. The motive matters too.
William Kelly"But where shall wisdom be found?" No, there is no wisdom in all that. There is self in all that. There is what will make a man rich; there is what will bring money and perhaps distinction; but where shall wisdom be found? and where is the place of understanding? Well, it is not on the earth, and it is not down in the dark mines where men rush after what they value.
The following verses answer by elimination — not in the deep, not in the sea, not for gold. If wisdom had a price tag, wealth would settle the matter.
Samuel RidoutMan, frail mortal, does not know the price and does not have it to pay, for it is not found in the land of the living. If it were within reach, some would be able to reach it; some rich man would have the price to pay for it. But it is beyond man. "It is high, I cannot attain it." In the bottomless depths of the deep — "the waters under the earth" — the call for wisdom wakes only one reply: "It is not in me." The wide sea, for all its vastness, does not hold this priceless treasure. Nature, by itself, cannot give a single clue to this heavenly, wondrous good.
A strange witness answers. Destruction and death say they have heard of wisdom, and their report tells us something real, yet it stops short.
J. N. DarbyWhere shall wisdom be found, and where is the path of understanding? It is not found in the land of the living. Destruction and death say we have heard a report of it with our ears. So they have. They tell us the emptiness of all the scene we are in, and, above all, of man at the head of it, the sorest place of all. But it is only negative.
Another writer weighs what a mere report is worth.
Leslie M. Grant"Destruction and death say, We have heard a report about it with our ears" (v. 22), but only a report, for wisdom itself is known only by a direct revelation from God.
The chapter does not leave the question open. God Himself names where wisdom starts.
W. W. FeredayGod alone can declare its true nature and value. To man He said, "Behold, the fear of the Lord, that is wisdom, and to turn away from evil is understanding." Solomon added to this later: "The fear of the Lord is the beginning of wisdom, and the knowledge of the Holy One is insight" (Prov. 9:10). So until God gets His rightful place in a man's mind and heart, he cannot see anything wisely. His thoughts are off-centre. His beginning is all wrong.
Some commentators read Job's question as reaching past his own day. The answer, they say, is a Person.
William KellyTrue wisdom and true understanding not found in the earth at all! It comes down from heaven. It is found only in Christ, and Christ had not yet come. This came out even more in Christ's rejection and Christ's death… "Destruction and death say, We have heard a report of it with our ears." Yes, it was just that very thing. There was a report of that One who is Himself wisdom, and who is the Giver of wisdom to the meek. It was by death that it came to us, but they did not know it.
- Searched — Human skill goes where no bird or beast can follow, yet comes back without wisdom. Discovery has multiplied since Job; the result is unchanged.
- Self — Gain and distinction drive the digging, so the motive spoils the search before it starts.
- Priceless — No sum buys it and no depth holds it; if money could buy it, the rich would already have it.
- Revealed — Death has heard only a rumour of wisdom; it must come down as revelation from God, not up out of the ground.
- Found — God answers His own question. To fear Him and turn from evil is where wisdom starts, and commentators point on to Christ, who is Himself wisdom.
Man knoweth not the value thereof; and it is not found in the land of the living.
Job 28 turns from the arguments of Job's friends to a poem about mining. Men tunnel through rock for silver, gold and sapphires — so where is wisdom dug up? Verse 13 answers, and the answer is negative. No one knows what wisdom costs, and no one in the land of the living has it.
All that mining skill, one writer notes, produces wealth but not wisdom.
William Kelly"He dams up the streams so that they do not trickle, and the thing that is hidden he brings out to light. But where shall wisdom be found?" No, there is no wisdom in all that. There is self in all that. There is what will make a man rich; there is what will bring money and perhaps distinction; but where shall wisdom be found? and where is the place of understanding?
"Man does not know its worth" means more than ignorance of value. Man also has no price to pay. Here the search moves outward from man to the deep and the sea, and every answer comes back empty.
Samuel RidoutMan, frail and mortal, does not know the price and does not have it to pay, for wisdom is not found in the land of the living. If it were within reach, then someone would be able to reach it; some rich man would have the price to pay for it. But it is beyond man: "it is high; I cannot attain it." Down in the bottomless depths — "the waters under the earth" — the call for wisdom goes out, and the answer comes back, "It is not in me." The wide sea, for all its vast expanse, does not hold this priceless treasure. Nature, by itself, cannot give even a simple clue to this heavenly, this wonderful good.
The phrase "the land of the living" means this present world of people going about their lives. One writer explains why this world holds no right road, and why death can only report what it has heard.
J. N. DarbyWhere all is morally wrong and departed from God, there can be no right path. Adam did not need a path. He had only to stay where he was. When we have gone wrong, and are driven out by God, and so need a path, none can be found. There is none... Destruction and death say we have heard the fame of it with our ears. So they have. They tell us how empty this whole scene is, and above all how empty man is at the head of it, which is the most painful point of all. But it is only negative. This is an immense truth, that there is no way for living man fallen from God.
The chapter does not leave the search there. What man cannot price, God can locate.
C. H. MackintoshDoes it not seem like a hopeless case for any poor ignorant mortal to search for this wondrous pathway? No, blessed be God, it is by no means a hopeless case, for "He understands the way to it, and He knows its place."
Several writers read the chapter forward to Christ. Wisdom is not dug up; it arrives.
William KellyTrue wisdom and true understanding not found in the earth at all! It comes down from heaven. It is found only in Christ, and Christ had not yet come. This came out even more clearly in Christ's rejection and death... There was a report of that One who is Himself wisdom, and who is the Giver of wisdom to the meek. It was by death that it came to us, but they did not know it.
Another writer ties the same chapter to the Cross.
H J VineYes, God knew the wisdom that was needed. When that "hidden wisdom" came out in Christ, and the world crucified the Lord of glory, then death and destruction heard its fame! It was at that wonderful Cross that God brought His attributes and His nature into harmony, so that sinful man could be blessed.
The chapter ends with God's own word to man.
W. W. Fereday"And He said to man, Behold, the fear of the Lord, that is wisdom, and to turn away from evil is understanding." ... So until God has His rightful place in a man's mind and heart, he cannot see anything wisely. His thoughts are out of centre. His beginning is all wrong.
- Mined — Man can tunnel down to sapphires and gold, but no shaft reaches wisdom. The digging serves self.
- Priceless — Not knowing its worth means not owning the price. If wisdom could be bought, the rich would already have it.
- Roadless — There is no right path in a world that has left God, so "the land of the living" has none to show.
- Revealed — What man cannot price, God knows the place of; wisdom comes down from heaven and is found in Christ.
- Received — God's answer is not a place but the fear of the Lord. Until He has His rightful place in us, no thinking is wise.
The deep saith, It is not in me; and the sea saith, It is not with me.
Job has just described how far mining reaches — men sink shafts where no bird flies and turn mountains over. Then he asks creation itself for wisdom, and both the deep and the sea answer that they do not have it.
The verse follows a picture of human skill and industry. One writer notes how far that skill had already gone in Job's day, and how little it found:
F. B. HoleIn his days men were mining: it may have been a new pursuit then, whether for iron or copper, for gold or silver or gems. They dig down, they divert the underground stream, they make paths that no strong beast or sharp-eyed bird has ever travelled. But in all this searching they never find wisdom... Men may discover much, and since Job's day they have discovered far more, but wisdom eludes them.
The deep and the sea speak here, and both deny holding what man wants. One writer sets their answer next to man's own failure to find wisdom or pay for it:
Samuel RidoutBut while man is told to seek, this wisdom is not found in nature, nor by human effort... Man, frail mortal, does not know and does not have the price to obtain it, for it is not found in the land of the living... In the deepest depths of the abyss — "the waters under the earth" — the call for wisdom awakens only the reply, "It is not in me." The wide sea, in all its vast expanse, does not hold this priceless treasure. Nature, on its own, cannot give even a simple clue to this heavenly, wonderful good.
The deep is not empty, yet what fills it is not wisdom. One writer points to where wisdom does come from:
William KellyTrue wisdom and true understanding are not found in the earth at all! It comes down from heaven. It is found only in Christ; and Christ had not yet come... "Therefore the deep says, 'It is not in me.'" There are silver and gold in the deep, and other things like them, and precious stones.
Mining brings up riches. Kelly names what drives that search:
William KellyNo, there is no wisdom in all that. There is self in all that. There is what will make a man rich; there is what will bring money and perhaps distinction; but where shall wisdom be found?
Why has the sea no answer? One writer points to the gap between material things and moral ones:
A. J. PollockMoral things are greater than material things. Man is after all greater than the whole of the material universe. Inanimate creation cannot commune with God. Man can. Here stands his greatness, as given by God, and his responsibility.
Job does not leave the question open. The chapter closes with God's own answer:
W. W. FeredayThe depths of the earth will not reveal it, and its value far exceeds that of gold and rubies. God alone can declare its true nature and value, "and to man He said, 'Behold, the fear of the Lord, that is wisdom, and to turn away from evil is understanding.'"... Therefore until God gets His rightful place in a man's mind and heart he is incapable of viewing anything wisely. His thoughts are out of centre. His beginning is all wrong.
Ridout adds one more turn. Knowing God changes what a person hears in the same creation:
Samuel RidoutAnd yet, when once God is known, we find all nature eloquent of Him. Those depths below and above declare His glory and power. The "great and wide sea" tells of the depth of His wisdom, care and goodness... How sad it is to see men of vast knowledge, of profound reasoning powers, gazing into the glorious heavens and failing to find God or wisdom there... How blessed it is then to have the true wisdom — "Christ the wisdom of God, and the power of God."
- Where man digs — human skill reaches where no beast or bird has walked, and brings up gold, silver and gems. It has never brought up wisdom.
- Where creation answers — the deep and the sea both say wisdom is not with them. Nature cannot give even a clue.
- Where the mistake lies — men search the material world for a moral treasure. Man alone can commune with God, and that is his greatness.
- Where God speaks — God's own answer is the fear of the Lord and turning away from evil. Until God holds His rightful place in a man's heart, his thoughts stay out of centre.
- Where wisdom lives — writers point to Christ, the wisdom of God. Once a person knows Him, the same silent depths and seas speak of His glory.