Go to now, ye who say, To-day or to-morrow will we go into such a city and spend a year there, and traffic and make gain,
James calls out people who make confident plans about travel, time, and profit. A whole year is mapped out in one sentence. Nothing in the plan is dishonest, so what is wrong with it? The answer turns on one missing name.
The fault lies not in the business but in the silence about God. One writer describes the man in this verse as religious in name and godless in practice.
Perhaps the thing intended is not evil, it may not wound the conscience or make it uneasy; but God is entirely forgotten. The man acts without God, as though God had left the earth to man and withdrawn, and as though His will counted for nothing. Such a man, as far as religion goes, lives in atheism in the practical things of everyday life. God is not in his thoughts; money and worldly ambition govern his heart, though he may not be living in sinful pleasures.
Each part of the speech marks a decision the speaker has taken for himself.
Self-will decides where to go, how long to stay, and what to do. There is not necessarily anything wrong in these things. The wrong is that God is not in all our thoughts. The life of self-will is a life without God. We treat life as if our days were ours to spend.
Some read the verse as a ban on all thought about the future. Commentators are careful to block that reading.
He does not mean to forbid all thought about tomorrow. He condemns only the spirit of those who plan without God, who forget how uncertain everything here is… He is condemning the spirit of self-confidence, which boasts of what it can do without God.
The claim to own a year collapses the moment you test it against a single day.
It is wholesome to recognise our own littleness and the brevity of our days. In a boastful spirit we may begin laying down the law for our own future, but it is evil work. We have no power to do that, since we cannot even command what tomorrow will bring. But why should we want to, when we are the Lord's and He has a will about us? Shall we not recognise His guidance and be satisfied with that?
James gives the speaker a better sentence to say. Adding "If the Lord wills" is a habit worth forming.
When we speak of the future, it is a wholesome habit to add always, "if the Lord wills and we live." This pleases Him. It is a testimony that we submit to Him and depend on Him. Otherwise it is the boasting, self-glorying of the self-secure world, which boasts and plans without thinking of God and His will.
If God's will covers travel and trade, it covers most of the waking day.
To bring Him in and to refer to His will with integrity would cover the greater part of every day. Christ, and Christianity too, shows this: nothing is too great for us to receive from God, and nothing is too little for God to direct us in. His will embraces all that is humble, all that is glorious.
The boast can wear devout clothing. Announcing in advance that you know God's will about a move or a decision falls under the same rebuke.
Some are very sure about such decisions. They say, for instance, that they know it is God's will for them to go to a certain place. But if Scripture does not say so, they do not know this beforehand. Why should they tell others they know it? This is only pride in their supposed powers of discernment. James 4:13 warns us that all such boasting is evil. Time will prove whether it was God's will or not.
- Will — self-will sets the plan: it decides where to go, how long to stay, and what to do, all without God.
- Omission — the sin is not trading or travelling. It is leaving God out. A plan with no room for Him is atheism in practice, however respectable it looks.
- Ignorance — the boast fails on its own terms, since we cannot command even tomorrow, let alone a year.
- Correction — "If the Lord wills" is the sentence James supplies. Say it until it becomes a habit that shows real dependence.
- Reach — once His will governs the small decisions, it covers most of every day. Nothing is too little for God to direct.
ye who do not know what will be on the morrow, ([for] what [is] your life? It is even a vapour, appearing for a little while, and then disappearing,)
James 4:14 breaks into a piece of confident business talk. It answers that talk with two things the speakers had not counted on. They do not know what tomorrow holds, and they do not know how long their life will last. The question here is not whether planning is allowed. It is whether God has any place in the plan.
The people James addresses are not doing anything wicked. That is what makes the fault easy to miss.
The heart of man far from God plans to direct his own steps. He decides what he will do, without thinking of the will of God, or even of God at all. The thing he intends may not be evil. It may not wound the conscience or make it uneasy. But God is completely forgotten. The man acts without God, as though the earth had been left to man and God had gone away, and as though His will counted for nothing. In the practical things of everyday life, as far as religion goes, such a man lives in atheism.
Another writer names who is doing the deciding. Self-will sets the whole itinerary:
Without reference to God, our sinful nature can say, "we will go into such and such a town and spend a year there and trade and make a profit." Self-will decides where to go, how long to stay, and what shall be done. There is not necessarily anything wrong in these things. The wrong is that God is not in all our thoughts. The life of self-will is a life without God.
James asks "What is your life?" of a person who has just mapped out a year. The answer collapses the map. The commentators quote an older translation, which says "vapour" where the ESV says "mist".
"You do not know what tomorrow will bring." How simple, and how crushing! "What is your life? It is a vapour that appears for a little and then disappears." Of course nothing more is spoken of here than our earthly existence, our life in the world. Instead of that we ought to say, "If the Lord will, we shall both live and do this or that." Our life here below falls under the Lord's will just as much as our doing this or that. How wretched to ignore Him! How happy to know His will and to do it!
Does the verse forbid thinking ahead at all? One writer answers plainly.
He does not mean to forbid all thought about tomorrow, as we shall see in a moment. He condemns only the spirit of those who plan without God, who forget how uncertain everything is here… It is the spirit of self-confidence he is condemning, which boasts of what it can do without God.
God's will reaches into the ordinary day — travel, trade, timetables.
Bringing Him in, and honestly referring things to His will, would cover the greater part of every day. Christ shows this, and Christianity too: there is nothing too great for us to receive from God, and nothing too small for God to direct us in. His will embraces all that is humble, all that is glorious.
The phrase is not a formula. It admits that we control nothing about the next day:
For we really know nothing at all about the future. Even our whole life is like a vapour. It appears for a moment, then vanishes, and we have no control over it. So it is only wisdom to depend completely on the Lord, and always to shape our plans by the sensible words, "If the Lord will."
A vapour sounds like something not worth fighting over. One writer says the opposite: this short life is what Satan wants to seize.
This life seems too small to be worth thinking about, yet it is full of results afterwards. And it is this life that Satan seeks to seize completely for his own use, as a wilful child does with a toy — to destroy it, and then throw it away.
Yet the short span leaves something behind:
Our lives are only a vapour, come and gone, like the grass and the hay. Yet something is gathered. Fruit borne for the Lord in this brief span of our lives here will be of lasting value long after the history of our lives is past.
- Ignorance — the charge starts with what we do not know. Not knowing tomorrow exposes plans we lay as if the future belonged to us.
- Vapour — the image covers only our life in this world, and it strikes at self-confidence: the boast of what we can do without God.
- Atheism — decent, ordinary planning that leaves God out is a life without Him in practice, whatever a person claims to believe.
- Dependence — "If the Lord will" is the cure. It covers the whole day, because nothing is too small for God to direct.
- Fruit — the vapour is brief but not empty. Fruit borne for the Lord inside it lasts long after the life itself is over.
instead of your saying, If the Lord should [so] will and we should live, we will also do this or that.
The everyday sentence "we'll do this next year" raises a question: who owns tomorrow? James gives a short clause to say out loud, and commentators read it as both a cure for pride and a daily habit for anyone who belongs to the Lord.
The verse follows a rebuke, so it matters what exactly was wrong with the traders' speech. One writer is careful to say that thinking ahead is not the offence:
James is speaking about the boasting of people who say they will go to a certain city, stay there a year, trade and make a profit. He corrects that kind of speech like this: instead, "you ought to say, 'If the Lord wills, we will live and do this or that.'" He blames only the confident assurance of the speech, and not all thinking ahead about tomorrow.
Others put the same point positively: arranging the future is legitimate as long as it is held under a higher authority.
It is right to plan, if it be in subjection to the will of God.
The clause covers two things: living, and then doing. One commentator will not let the first slip past:
Instead, we ought to say, "If the Lord wills, we will live and do this or that." It is impossible to resist the force of this appeal. Our living here below falls as much under the Lord's will as our doing this or that. Nothing more is spoken of here than our earthly existence, our life in the world. How wretched to ignore Him! How happy to know His will and to do it!
James does not offer the phrase as an optional piece of piety. The wording carries weight:
We should not only recognise His guidance. We should be glad to acknowledge it in everything we do, and out loud as well. We "ought to SAY, If the Lord wills, we will live and do this or that." And notice, please, that "we OUGHT to say." It is not something we may say and then find that God approves of it. It is something we must say if we want to give Him His proper place in our lives.
Some people use a different condition: "if the Lord delays His coming." One commentator explains why James's wording covers more ground:
Suppose I say, "If the Lord delays His coming, I mean to go to London next week." I have made my trip to London depend on the Lord delaying. But He may delay, and even so it may not be His will for me to go at all. So I ought to place all my movements, all my actions, all my plans, under the commanding influence of my Lord's will.
A phrase repeated often can drain of meaning, and the same writer warns against that outcome:
Whether we say, "If the Lord delays" or "If the Lord wills," we should always seek, most earnestly, to be under the present power of the words we use. Then we will avoid anything that comes even close to empty phrases or hollow religious talk. May the Lord make us very real in all our words and ways!
Paul told the Corinthians he planned to come to them soon, and he added a condition. One commentator reads that small qualifier as a test of spiritual health:
Notice the saving qualification with which Paul limits his decision to return: "if the Lord wills." Some people have no such settled sense of dependence on the will of God. Usually the opposite habit goes with it: self-confident boldness. That pairing is one of the surest symptoms of a low and unspiritual state of soul. The lack of this restraint is what loosened the tongues of the "puffed up" people who talked so proudly while Paul was away.
The chapter ends by calling failure to do known good a sin. One commentator ties that verdict straight back to this verse:
It is a healthy habit, whenever we speak of the future, to always add, "if the Lord wills and we live." This pleases Him. It shows our submission to Him and our dependence on Him. Otherwise it is the boasting and empty pride of the self-confident world, which boasts and plans without thinking of God and His will. The last verse must not be cut off from what goes before it. Sin is not only doing evil; if we do not do the good we know, that is sin too. If we do not live as people who depend entirely on God for the future, we sin.
- Plan — Planning ahead is not the sin. The confident boast that leaves God out of the sentence is.
- Submit — Both clauses matter: continuing to live is as much under His will as carrying out the plan.
- Say — James writes "ought," not "may." We owe God the words out loud, not just the feeling.
- Mean — Guard the phrase from becoming empty religious talk. Live under the present power of the words you use.
- Obey — Knowing that we depend on God and not living that way is sin, as the next verse says.
But now ye glory in your vauntings all such glorying is evil.
James has just told his readers how to speak about tomorrow: "If the Lord wills, we will live and do this or that." Verse 16 names what they were doing instead. Its verdict allows no exceptions.
The verse is the dark side of the sentence just before it. A short life and uncertain circumstances leave us one wise course. The flesh chooses another.
Our circumstances are uncertain and life passes quickly. So our wisdom is to walk in lowly dependence on the Lord, and to say in all our walk and ways, "If the Lord will." Sadly, the flesh can do more than boast in doing its own will. It can rejoice in its boasting.
The thing planned need not be shocking. It can be harmless in itself and still leave God out.
The heart of man far from God thinks to direct his own steps. He decides what he will do, without thinking of the will of God, or even of God at all. The thing he intends may not be evil. It may not wound the conscience or make it uneasy. But God is forgotten completely. The man acts without God, as though the earth had been left to man and God had withdrawn, and as though His will counted for nothing. Such a man, as far as religion goes, lives in atheism in the practical things of everyday life.
We are creatures, and bought ones at that. To talk as though our life were our own denies what we are. Set beside Christ, such boasting looks foreign to Him.
The only fitting state for a creature is dependence on God. All boasting stands wholly against this — boasting that treats our life as if it were in our own power, and every act of it ours to dispose of. We were bought with a price. By such feelings and ways we defraud Him to whom we belong… Let us be ashamed when we consider what we are in such godless pride, and what He was. Though He was rich, for our sakes He became poor, so that we through His poverty might become rich… Truly, "All such boasting is evil." It does not have the flavour of Christ, but of the devil's inflation.
Across the letter the same target keeps reappearing. It is not merely careless talk about travel plans; it is the human will asserting itself where God's will belongs.
James always and everywhere opposes the pretensions of man's will; he would have the will broken, so that man may take his true place and be in his true condition of obedience and subjection. God must have His place and man must be dependent and obedient. All the activity and all the pretensions of man's will are evil.
The word "all" reaches past our own plans. It also covers confident claims about what God has told us to do.
Some are very sure about everyday decisions. They say, for instance, that they know it is God's will for them to go to a certain place. But if Scripture does not say so, they do not know this beforehand. Why should they tell others they know it? This is only pride in their supposed powers of discernment. We are warned in James 4:13 that all such boasting is evil. Time will prove whether it was God's will or not.
James does not forbid joy about the future. He redirects it.
People too often rejoice in advance over the fulfilment of their own plans. They speak as though these things were certain. This is boasting, of course, and all such rejoicing is evil. How precious it is, in contrast, to rejoice in hope of the glory of God!
James adds one more line after this verdict.
Do not detach the last verse from what goes before. "So whoever knows the right thing to do and fails to do it, for him it is sin." Sin is not only doing evil. If we do not do the good we know, that is also sin. We are entirely dependent on God for the future. If we do not act on that, we sin.
- Root — self-will. The heart far from God directs its own steps and never asks what God wills.
- Fruit — boasting. The flesh does its own will, then enjoys the sound of it. Leaving God out of ordinary plans is atheism lived out in daily life.
- Verdict — evil. Dependence is the only fitting state for a creature bought with a price. Boasting has the flavour not of Christ but of the devil's inflation.
- Reach — all. Our own plans and our confident claims to know God's guidance fall under the same word. Time, not our announcements, will prove His will.
- Cure — say, "If the Lord wills." Move your joy off your own plans and onto the hope of God's glory. To know this and not do it is itself sin.