And all thy children [shall be] taught of Jehovah, and great shall be the peace of thy children.
Isaiah 54 speaks to Jerusalem as a wife once set aside and now taken back. Verse 13 names two gifts for her restored family: teaching from God, and great peace.
Commentators read the chapter as Jerusalem's reversal, after she had rejected the One who came to her:
Isaiah 54 gives the result of these events to Jerusalem in those days. Jerusalem is seen as barren and desolate, after rejecting Him who came to be her husband. But now grace has made Jehovah her righteousness. So she is called to enlarge the place of her tent and to spread out the curtains of her home. That grace counts all those gathered during her desolation as her children… For a little while God has treated her as a rejected wife, but has now comforted her with everlasting mercies.
Verse 13 stands out from the promises just before it:
The closing verses of this chapter show some of the blessings that will belong to Israel when the covenant is established. Verses 11 and 12 may speak of material favours, but verse 13 shows spiritual blessing. All the true children of Israel will be taught by God, and His teaching truly works. Their peace will be great, because it rests on righteousness, as the next verse shows.
How far does "all" reach? Writers tie the promise to the new covenant:
There is much ground for believing that all who survive of Israel at the start of the Millennium will be saved, and that the whole nation will be saved throughout the thousand years… The new covenant is to be made with the house of Israel and with the house of Judah. In that covenant God undertakes to put His law inside them and to write it on their hearts: "And no longer shall each one teach his neighbor and each his brother, saying, 'Know the LORD,' for they shall all know Me, from the least of them to the greatest, declares the LORD. For I will forgive their iniquity, and I will remember their sin no more."
One writer draws out who guarantees a result that wide:
So it will be when the new covenant is established with both the houses of Israel… There will then be no question of teaching, each his fellow-citizen, and each his brother… That the result covers everyone shows that God is the One who ensures it. Under human teaching, however good, we see every level of ability, and at best knowledge far from perfect.
Jesus took up this line in John 6, in connection with the Father drawing people to Him. How does the Father draw?
The way the Father draws is by divine teaching, according to the word, "They will all be taught by God". The Father enlightens the soul. He convicts it of its need of Christ on the one hand, and reveals the glory of Christ on the other. So the soul is driven by need and drawn by grace to Christ.
He treated a promise about Israel's future as already at work:
The Lord found in Isaiah 54:13 a forecast of this inward work of the Father. Israel's children will be redeemed and restored when the age to come dawns. He knew that what He is going to do in them, He was doing then, and He is still doing today.
Commentators differ on how far "all" reaches today. One writes that "the word 'all' cannot be applied today as in the millennium" (L. M. Grant).
The New Testament applies this teaching in two directions:
In the New Testament the Holy Spirit takes these truths, which belong first to Jerusalem and her children in the coming day, and applies them to us now. In 1 Thessalonians 4:9 we read, "you yourselves have been taught by God to love one another." John 6:45 quotes the promise too. In John, the teaching of God turns the soul to our Lord Jesus Christ, the Son of God. In Thessalonians it instructs those who have come to Him to love one another.
One word in the verse can be read two ways:
The Hebrew language was originally written without vowel points… It is questioned whether in Isaiah 54:13 it should be read 'your children' or 'your builders' — a question the vowel points would have decided.
- Wife. The verse speaks to a city treated as a rejected wife, then comforted with everlasting mercies. The children are grace's gift to the desolate.
- Taught. God's teaching works, and it reaches every one of them. No one will need to say to his neighbour, "Know the LORD."
- Drawn. Jesus applied the line to the Father's drawing. The Father shows the soul its need and Christ's glory, so need drives and grace draws.
- Now. What God will do for Israel's children in the age to come, He was doing then and does still. He also teaches believers to love one another.
- Peace. The peace is great because it rests on righteousness, as the next verse shows.
In righteousness shalt thou be established thou shalt be far from oppression, for thou shalt not fear; and from terror, for it shall not come near thee.
Isaiah 54 promises restoration to a nation that has been barren, and verse 14 names the ground it all stands on. Two questions follow: whose righteousness is this, and when does the freedom from fear arrive?
The promise does not begin at chapter 54. Commentators tie the restoration to the suffering Servant described just before it.
We start with a prediction of the coming exaltation of the once humbled Servant of Jehovah. Then we consider Him in His rejection, when His soul became an offering for sin. His shame and suffering did not destroy every prospect of His glory. They are the secure foundation on which His glory will rest forever... Then in Isaiah 54 we read of the restoration and blessing of Israel that follows. That nation, barren until now, will burst into song.
The previous verse promises great peace to the city's children. That peace is not left hanging; the next line supplies what it stands on.
God will teach all the true children of Israel — and His teaching works. Their peace will be great, because it rests on righteousness, as the next verse shows.
"In righteousness you shall be established" — but whose righteousness? The chapter answers three verses later, where God calls it His own.
The next mention of "servants" comes in Isaiah 54:17: "This is the heritage of the servants of the Lord; and their righteousness is from Me." It is not from the law, nor from their own works, but from God.
Another writer names what that righteousness secures:
When Israel stands in righteousness worked out by God, neither weapon nor word will prevail against them. Notice how strongly this passage stresses righteousness — righteousness the suffering Servant of Isaiah 53 worked out on their behalf. It reminds one of the way righteousness stands at the very front of gospel testimony, as we see in Romans 1:17.
One writer puts the whole promise for the restored nation in plain terms.
The LORD will teach the nation, and great will be their peace, for God will establish them in righteousness. No one will oppress them any longer, and they will not live in fear and terror.
Yet the verse removes fear, not enemies.
Truth will be theirs, for Jehovah will teach them all. They will enjoy peace too — great peace. Established in righteousness, they will be far from oppression and fear, though not free from hostile intention. We know this from Ezekiel 38 — 39 at the beginning of the thousand-year reign, and from Revelation 20:7-9 at its end.
Some read the chapter as fulfilled when the exiles came home from Babylon. One writer rejects that, though he allows the principle a wider use.
Isaiah 54 looks on to that day. It was in no way applicable to the remnant that returned from Babylon. The principle does apply, and is applied, to the grace of God. Through faith in Christ, the gospel brings in so many unexpected children of Abraham (Galatians 4). But the direct and complete fulfilment can only come as a whole, when Israel's sorrows end. Then God will gather them and establish them in righteousness, as far from oppression as from fear... It cannot be until Christ comes again.
Writers differ on how far the verse stretches. Kelly holds to the first meaning. Vine points to the New Testament, which takes this language and applies it to believers now.
We need not be anxious about our spiritual growth and prosperity as we remain in Christ. Scripture says, "All your children shall be taught by the Lord; and great shall be the peace of your children. In righteousness you shall be established... you shall not fear." In the New Testament we see again how the Holy Spirit takes these truths and applies them to us now. They belong first to Jerusalem and her children in the coming day.
The same righteousness answers every accusation:
Christ is made to us righteousness as well as redemption from God, so that we can now boast in the Lord (1 Corinthians 1:30). Who can condemn Him? Who can condemn those whose righteousness He is?
- Cause — the Servant's suffering in Isaiah 53 is the secure foundation. Chapter 54's song of restoration grows out of it.
- Gift — "in righteousness" does not mean their own record. God says of them, "their righteousness is from Me" — not from the law, not from their works.
- Peace — verse 13 promises great peace and verse 14 gives its ground. Peace rests on righteousness, never the other way round.
- Reach — hostile intent remains, but oppression, fear and terror go. The verse promises safety in the middle of hostility, not the absence of it.
- Result — commentators differ on scope. Full fulfilment waits for Christ's return and Israel's restoration. Yet the New Testament already applies these words to believers, whose righteousness is Christ Himself.
Behold, they shall surely gather together, [but] not by me whosoever gathereth together against thee shall fall because of thee.
Isaiah 54 promises a restored nation, settled in righteousness and free from fear, right after the chapter about the suffering Servant. Verse 15 admits that enemies will still gather — and it says who is not behind them, and how it ends for them.
The verses just before describe a people taught by God and established in righteousness. Verse 15 tests whether that peace can hold. Where the ESV reads "stirs up strife," older translations read "they shall surely gather together against you," and the writers below use that older wording. One writer traces this security back to the work of the suffering Servant.
Adversaries there will be, and they will gather together to disturb the peace, if that were possible. In the past God did use enemies to discipline His people. But in the day now in view their gathering will be "not by Me," and it will only bring about their own overthrow. When Israel stands in righteousness worked out by God, neither weapon nor word shall prevail against them. It is remarkable how much weight righteousness carries here — righteousness worked on their behalf by the suffering Servant of Isaiah 53.
Those two words mark a change in how God governs. He once used enemies to discipline His people. Here their gathering carries no authority from Him, and His rule runs the other way:
Some may gather together against the nation. But under the government of God, He will no longer let them triumph over His people. Instead, their opposition to God's people will bring about their own downfall. God has prepared instruments to deal in judgment with those who oppose them.
The promise is not that no one will ever plot again. One writer notes that such gatherings still appear in Scripture after Israel is restored:
So the prophecy is not only about everlasting mercy restoring the ancient people. Along with it come images of beauty and glory with which Jehovah will adorn them. Truth will be theirs, for they will all be taught by Jehovah. Peace too, great peace, will be theirs. Established in righteousness, they will be far from oppression and fear — though not from hostile intention. We know this from Ezekiel 38 — 39 at the beginning of the millennium, and from Revelation 20:7-9 at its end.
The attacker does not just fail. He falls because of the very people he targeted. One writer points to a moment in Israel's past when a raised sceptre decided the whole matter:
The nation was already saved. The sceptre had decided everything in favour of the Jews. Their enemies were left in confusion, however high and mighty, however many and however subtle they may be. God had taken the matter into His own hand. And if He is for us, who can be against us?
One writer applies the same principle to Gog, whose armies will come against God's chosen:
Jehovah will make of Gog and his multitudes a permanent warning to the nations of the earth not to meddle with His chosen. No people who have ill-treated Israel have ever prospered. This matches the word exactly: "No weapon formed against you shall prosper" (Isaiah 54:17). … Israel will not need to fight: Jehovah will fight for them, and, as on the shores of the Red Sea, they have only to stand still and see His salvation.
One writer shows how the New Testament takes up this promise:
We see again, in the New Testament, how the Holy Spirit takes these truths, which belong first to Jerusalem and her children in the coming day, and applies them to us now. … All the children of the free city are taught by God, in a true, spiritual sense. And to them it is said, "Whoever gathers together against you shall fall because of you."
That confidence is not built on ignoring opposition, but on the nearness of God:
We have little awareness of the evil forces at work against those who belong to our Lord Jesus Christ. We do not need to seek a greater awareness of them either. We are to be simple as to evil, and wise about what is good. God is nearer to us than every foe, closer, greater and wiser than all.
- Cause — the peace of this chapter rests on righteousness worked out by the suffering Servant of Isaiah 53. That is why no weapon and no word can prevail.
- Change — God once used enemies to discipline His people. Here the gathering is "not by Me," so it carries no authority from Him.
- Confidence — righteousness brings freedom from fear, but not freedom from enemies. Hostile plans still form, at the start of the millennium and at its close.
- Collapse — the attacker's own opposition destroys him. God has already prepared the instruments of judgment, and His people need only stand still and see His salvation.
- Carry-over — the New Testament applies these promises to believers now. Their safety lies in a God nearer to them than any enemy.
Behold, it is I who have created the smith that bloweth in the fire of coal, and that bringeth forth an instrument for his work; and I have created the destroyer to ravage.
Isaiah 54 ends with a promise that no weapon aimed at God's people will succeed. This verse gives the reason: God made the blacksmith who forges the weapon, and He made the destroyer who uses it.
The safety promised in this chapter rests on what the previous chapter describes.
In chapter 53 we hear the Spirit of God foretelling the sufferings of Christ and the glories that will follow. In chapter 54 we learn that, after the exaltation of Christ, the Jewish nation will be restored. In the days that are past, that nation had enjoyed a place of nearness to the LORD, pictured by the figure of marriage.
The men who forge and wield weapons are not free agents. God has His own instruments ready.
There may be those who will gather together against the nation. But in the government of God He will no longer let them triumph over His people. On the contrary, their opposition to God's people will bring about their own downfall. God has prepared instruments to deal in judgment with those who oppose them.
God's control over the destroyer is not only future. It has already happened once, with the empire that struck Israel.
God uses the pride and iniquity of the wicked to discipline His people. Afterwards He destroys the instrument. The Assyrian, God's rod to strike Israel, glorifies himself against God, who breaks the rod.
The previous verse says such a gathering does not come from God. That marks the change. Hostility still exists, but it is no longer God's discipline.
There will be adversaries, and they will gather to disturb the peace, if that were possible. In the past God did use adversaries to discipline His people. But in the day now in view their gathering will be "not by Me," and it will only lead to their own overthrow. When Israel stands in a righteousness that God has worked, no weapon and no word will win against them.
The next verse calls the protected people "the servants of the LORD." One writer shows where that title comes from.
This is the last time Isaiah calls Christ the "Servant" (Isa. 53:11); after that we read of "servants." It is because His atoning work is looked upon as complete, so others are justified. The next mention of "servants" is in Isaiah 54:17: "This is the heritage of the servants of the LORD; and their righteousness is of Me." That righteousness is not of the law, nor of their own works, but of God.
(The ESV reads "their vindication from me" here. The wording quoted above comes from an older translation, which reads "righteousness.")
The promise was made first to Israel. But one writer applies the same ground to those who belong to Christ now, because their righteousness is also given to them.
We have little idea of the evil forces at work against those who belong to our Lord Jesus Christ. Nor do we need to seek a greater idea of them. We are to be simple as to evil, and wise concerning what is good. God is nearer to us than every foe, more close, and greater and wiser than all. He blessedly assures our hearts that "no weapon that is fashioned against you shall succeed." Christ is made to us righteousness as well as redemption from God, so that we can now boast in the Lord. Who can condemn Him? Who can condemn those whose righteousness He is?
- Created — God made the smith who forges the weapon and the destroyer who uses it. Neither is a power on its own.
- Commissioned — God has used enemies to discipline His people, then broken them. The rod never outlives its purpose.
- Cancelled — enemies still gather, but no longer at God's command. The hostility is real; the licence for it is gone.
- Covered — their safety rests on righteousness that God gives, not on their own works or the law. It flows from the Servant's finished work.
- Confidence — verse 17 calls this a heritage, not an achievement. The same ground lets a believer face unseen enemies without fear.
No weapon that is prepared against thee shall prosper; and every tongue that riseth against thee in judgment, thou shalt condemn. This is the inheritance of the servants of Jehovah; and their righteousness is of me, saith Jehovah.
Isaiah 54 is a song about a city once abandoned and now safe, and its last verse makes two promises: no weapon will work, and no accusation will stand. The question the verse forces is why — and the answer comes at the very end, in the words "their vindication from me."
The promise comes at the end of chapters that name a real city and a real people. One writer follows those chapters in order and keeps the promise tied to Israel's twelve tribes:
Isaiah 54:17 refers to all twelve tribes of Israel. Ten of the tribes broke away from the other two, but God will join them together again as one people in a future day, and these glowing prophecies are about them. Read Isaiah 52, and you will find Zion and Jerusalem addressed all through the chapter. Isaiah 53 describes the death of their Messiah in vivid detail, and prophesies its glorious results. Chapter 54 then bursts into loud, triumphant joy as the prophet sees the wonderful place Israel — all twelve tribes — will have when the Messiah reigns in power and glory.
Another writer warns that turning these prophecies into picture-language ruins Christian faith and practice:
Look at the terrible damage done on both sides by everyone who turns these prophecies into picture-language. It is a popular habit in every kind of church, and it is hard to say who is most at fault. This path ruins the faith and the practice that mark out Christianity.
The verse does not say weapons stop being made. It says they stop working — and the attack falls back on the attacker.
Some will still gather together against the nation. But God rules, and He will no longer let them win over His people. Instead, their opposition to God's people will bring about their own downfall, because God has prepared the means to judge those who oppose Him.
So safety here is not the absence of enemies. It is protection while enemies still exist:
Truth will be theirs, for the Lord Himself will teach them all. They will enjoy peace too, great peace. Standing firm in righteousness, they will be far from oppression and fear — though not far from those who still wish them harm.
Both halves of the promise rest on the closing line. One writer ties that righteousness back to the suffering described one chapter earlier:
When Israel stands in righteousness worked out by God, neither weapon nor word shall prevail against them. It is remarkable how much weight righteousness carries here. The suffering Servant of Isaiah 53 worked it out on their behalf.
The word changes between chapter 53 and this verse, and the change matters. One Servant does the work; because it is finished, many servants are justified. The writer uses an older translation here, which ends the verse "their righteousness is of Me" where the ESV has "their vindication from me."
This is the last time Isaiah calls Christ the "Servant" (Isa. 53:11). After that we read of "servants." The reason is that His atoning work is now seen as finished, so others are justified… The next mention of "servants" comes in Isaiah 54:17: "This is the heritage of the servants of the Lord; and their righteousness is of Me." That righteousness does not come from the law, or from their own works, but from God.
If the righteousness belongs to another, then any charge brought must be answered by that other. The same writer draws the line straight through to believers today:
God has made Christ our righteousness, and our redemption too, so that we can now boast in the Lord (1 Cor. 1:30). Who can condemn Him? Who can condemn those whose righteousness He is?… They once looked for righteousness and never found it. Now, through redemption, they know it, and they boast in Christ who is our righteousness. Ours now, and theirs then, when they shall turn to the Lord Jesus Christ.
Commentators differ on how far the verse reaches to Christians today. One urges caution, holding the two things close without merging them:
We must connect these passages with the ones that call their righteousness the Lord's own (Isa. 45:24; Isa. 54:17). The two are not the same thing, though they fit well together… Israel's salvation in the coming day is still very different from the gospel salvation we are dealing with here. In that day God will display righteousness by judging the enemies of His people on earth.
- Given, not earned. The verse ends by naming the source: righteousness that comes from God, "not of the law, nor of their own works."
- Given through One. The suffering Servant of Isaiah 53 worked that righteousness out for them. That is why the chapter goes on to speak of "servants," plural.
- Given, so untouchable. Weapons and words fail for the same reason: God supplies the righteousness, so there is nothing left to condemn.
- Given, not to a quiet world. Enemies still gather; the promise is not that hostility ends, but that it collapses on the ones who bring it.
- Given first to Israel. The promise is made to a real, restored people. One writer says the same righteousness is already "ours now." Another stresses how different that future day is from gospel salvation.