I [am] Jehovah, and there is none else; there is no God beside me I girded thee, and thou hast not known me;
Read Full Chapter →Commentary for this Verse
God speaks here to Cyrus, a Persian king who would not be born for another two hundred years. Two claims stand side by side: there is no other God, and this God arms a man who does not yet know Him.
No Rival Anywhere
"Besides me there is no God" is not a passing remark in Isaiah. The claim comes again and again through these chapters, and one writer counts how often:
H J VineOver and over again the Holy Spirit repeats this all-important fact in chapters 43 to 46. No less than ten times He states it with intensity — there is none else! Israel's God is the only God! He "created" Jacob! He "formed" the nation!... Yes, He "called" her by her name; "you are Mine!" So she can witness not only against idols, but to the only God. Now the call is rightly heard, and it will bring a swift response all over the world. "Turn to me and be saved, all the ends of the earth! For I am God, and there is no other" (Isaiah 45:22).
That exclusiveness is the whole point of the wording. Something similar is drawn out from the simple idea of "one":
Samuel RidoutOne excludes everything else. It speaks of what is alone, with nothing else to compare it with... Without doing violence to the thought, we have here the exclusion of all others from the place that God alone can occupy. "I am the Lord, and there is none else." "My glory I will not give to another."
Armed Before He Was Born
Where the ESV says God equips Cyrus, older wording says He "girded" him — He strapped the man's gear on him. God did this long before Cyrus was born, and He says why:
Hamilton SmithIt is, however, for the sake of Israel, God's elect, that God calls Cyrus and allows him to subdue the nations. Two hundred years before he comes on the scene, God can say, "I have called you by your name, I have given you a title of honour." He also says, "I have girded you, though you have not known me."
A Blow Aimed at Persian Religion
Why say "there is no other" again, right here? One writer — who uses "Jehovah" where the ESV has "the LORD" — finds a purpose in the timing:
William KellyThe challenge of Jehovah that begins with verse 5 does not appear to be a mere repetition of what begins in Isaiah 44:6. It meets, in a very interesting way, the particular evil that those men fell into — the men who under Cyrus overthrew Babylon and its worthless idols. The Persians were famous for their scheme of two rival powers: good and evil, light and darkness, Ormusd and Ahriman. What could be more pointed, given the utter confusion of this scheme, than the words that follow?
Used Without Knowing It
"Though you do not know me" describes a man God moved without his knowing it. One writer places Cyrus beside two others who served the same promise:
H J VineSo God used three men to fulfil this promise: Jeremiah in prophecy, Daniel in prayer, and Cyrus — a man who did not know the Lord — in providence. God had said of Cyrus long before, through Isaiah, "I have given you a title of honour, though you have not known Me... I have raised you up in righteousness."... This word, and the way it actually came true, are so exact and so encouraging. They fill the soul that trusts the blessed God with comfort and cheer. That soul knows that even now He makes all things work together for the good of His own, whom He has called by His grace according to His purpose.
Did Cyrus stay in that ignorance? Commentators raise the question without settling it. One sets Daniel's picture of a conqueror who recognises no God above him against the honour Isaiah gives him:
James BoydOne is a little astonished at reading this. Cyrus has such honourable mention in Isaiah 45 — though even there He says, "I have given you a title of honour, though you have not known Me." Daniel sees him at one stage of his career. Later than that, God may have brought him into the light of the knowledge of the Lord.
A Larger Shadow
Why did God name one Persian king and hand him an empire? The answer reaches wider than Israel, and further than Cyrus's own day:
William KellyFor Israel's sake He named Cyrus, though he did not know Jehovah, so that men might know from east and from west that there is none besides Him... Yet this unmatched return of the Jew from Babylon is clearly only the shadow of an everlasting salvation that is not yet Israel's. That salvation comes when idols and their worshippers will be in the dust, and when in Jehovah all Israel will be justified and will glory. Yes, and every knee will bow to Him and every tongue swear (Isaiah 45:23).
Summary
- One God. The claim excludes every rival: Israel's God is the only God, and there is none else.
- One gift. God equips Cyrus for conquest two hundred years before his birth, and does it for Israel's sake.
- One correction. The words strike at the Persian belief in two rival powers behind light and darkness.
- One reach. The purpose is public: from east to west, men are to know there is none besides Him.
- One result. The return from Babylon is only the shadow. The substance is an everlasting salvation where every knee bows.