And Mordecai went out from the presence of the king in royal apparel of blue and white, and with a great crown of gold, and with a mantle of byssus and purple; and the city of Shushan shouted and was glad.
The verse turns a page. The man who sat in sackcloth at the palace gate now walks out of the king's presence in royal robes, wearing a great gold crown. The whole city erupts in gladness. Commentators read the scene as real history, and also as a picture of a greater exaltation still ahead.
This is not the first honour Mordecai received. What changed at verse 15 was his position, not just people's opinion of him.
after
H. L. RossierAll the people of Shushan had already seen Mordecai clothed in royal dignity, because he had "spoken good for the king" (Esther 7:9). But up to this point that dignity was only moral dignity, so to speak. Right afterwards he went back to his position as a servant at the king's gate. From this point on, he is no longer at the gate; he comes before the king. His dignity becomes effective and official.
Others trace the reversal back to his refusal to bow to Haman, and read the robe as the answer to that stand.
C. H. MackintoshHe stood like a rock and let the whole tide of difficulty and opposition roll over him. He would not bow to the Amalekite, whatever the cost. Obedience was his path. The results were with God. And look at the result! In one moment the tide turned. The proud Amalekite fell from his high position. The exiled Jew rose from his sackcloth and ashes to a place next to the throne. Haman exchanged his wealth and honours for a gallows; Mordecai exchanged his sackcloth for a royal robe.
One writer takes each colour as carrying meaning drawn from elsewhere in Scripture:
Leslie M. GrantPersia no doubt knew nothing of what these things meant in God's eyes. But Scripture treats blue as the heavenly colour and white as purity of moral character. So Scripture sees Mordecai as a picture of the Lord Jesus, the Man from heaven in whom is moral perfection. The crown of gold reminds us that Christ is far more than man, for gold speaks of the glory of God... The garment of fine linen and purple shows that royal glory (the purple) belongs to Christ, joined with the grace of perfect purity (the fine linen)... Christ on earth wore the clothes of the poor, but He will soon have His rightful place, with garments of glory and beauty.
Commentators differ here. Another reads the same colours as the court dress of the empire:
Arno Clemens GaebeleinThe royal robes were blue, white and purple, the Persian colours. They show the ancient Persian view of the world: white was the colour of light, blue the sky, and purple was linked with the sun.
The picture that several writers find here is of Christ's public honour, still future.
Michael HardtGod will not fail to give the greatest honour to Christ, who glorified Him on the cross. God has exalted Him to the place of honour at His right hand, and one day God will honour Him publicly. Mordecai "went out from the presence of the king in royal robes... with a great golden crown" (v. 15). In the same way Christ will appear in glory, coming from the presence of God, so that the earth will recognise and honour Him.
The gladness is not only Jewish. The whole city cheers, and that tells us something about how people judge a righteous man in the end.
William KellyMen may feel ill will toward a life that condemns them without a word. Even so, conscience must justify the truehearted. So when it goes well with the righteous, the city rejoices. Compare Esther 8:15-17.
The striking thing is the timing. The Jews celebrated while the danger was still ahead of them.
C E StuartWhat a change had taken place. Perplexity gave way to gladness; feasting took the place of fasting. Why? The thirteenth of Adar had not yet come. The first decree stood unrepealed. Why this change? The written word of that second decree had made all the difference. Relief had come; a way of escape from that dreadful doom now stood open to the Jews. They believed it, and they acted as if they believed it.
One writer sets this celebration beside the feast kept at Jerusalem in Ezra 6, and finds the comparison sobering. The Jews in Shushan were rescued and glad, but they were still far from where God had put His name.
The Christian's FriendThrough grace and mercy they do sometimes have a feast and a good day; they do have answers to their prayers, special marks of God's favour, and striking interventions on their behalf; they may also be much used in leading others to turn to God, as we read, "Many of the people of the land became Jews"; but I press it, they are still short of their true, full blessing.
- Sackcloth to robe. Mordecai's refusal to bow cost him everything. Then the tide turned in a moment, and the exiled man went from ashes to a place beside the throne.
- Gate to government. The earlier honour was passing, and he went back to the gate. Now he stands before the king with an official authority he will not lose.
- Robe read as glory. Some writers read blue, white, gold and purple as heaven, purity, divine glory and royal rule — a portrait of Christ. Others read them as the plain court colours of Persia.
- Glory yet to come. Mordecai came out from the king's presence into public honour. So Christ will come from God's presence in glory, and the earth will honour Him.
- Joy resting on a written word. The danger had not passed. The Jews rejoiced because they believed the second decree — and the city rejoiced with them.
The Jews had light, and joy, and gladness, and honour.
A death sentence still hung over the Jews, yet mourning turned to celebration. What changed, when the first decree still stood and the dreaded day had not yet come?
The rescue came at the lowest point, when hope and fear were still fighting it out.
The Christian's FriendI need hardly say how Esther and her people were delivered at the moment of deepest despair. The struggle between hope and fear ended in the most glorious and wonderful triumph of hope. The Jews had the sentence of death in themselves. But there is One who raises the dead, and turns the shadow of death into the morning.
Nothing outward had improved when the celebrating began. The first decree stood, and the day of slaughter had not yet come. What had arrived was a letter, and the Jews treated it as reliable.
C. E. StuartWhat a change had been brought about. Perplexity gave way to gladness; feasting took the place of fasting. Why? The thirteenth of Adar had not yet come. The first decree stood unrepealed. Why this change? The written word of that second decree had made all the difference. Relief had come; a way of escape from that dreadful doom was offered to the Jews. They believed it, and they acted as if they believed it.
The honour in this verse was not something the scattered Jews had earned. It reached them through one man who had stood before the king and came out crowned.
C. E. StuartThey learnt that the king counted them an accepted people. Yet most of them had never seen the king, and had probably never been to Shushan. But Mordecai had seen him, and stood accepted before him. Anyone could know this who heard how he came out from the king's throne room, dressed in royal robes of blue and white, with a crown of gold on his head.
The word "light" is the first of the four, and it answers the darkness the Jews had been sitting in.
H. L. RossierWhat a change of scene! For souls plunged into the night of despair, the sun has risen. There is light for the Jews "at evening time." (Zech. 14:7) Where fear and terror reigned, there is now only joy and happiness. It is a feast day, a day of celebration. One solitary man, Mordecai, has been the instrument and the organizer of this immense deliverance.
Commentators see the scene as a picture of a day still to come. Israel will recognise Christ, and the nations will share the joy.
Leslie M. GrantIn keeping with Mordecai's exaltation, "The Jews had light and gladness and joy and honor" (v. 16). This will be wonderfully true when Christ is recognised by Israel at the beginning of the millennium... many of the Gentiles became converts and took their place with Israel. That may not be the case in the millennium. Even so, the joy of the Gentiles over the blessing of Israel will be a striking sight.
The Jews were glad before a single enemy had been struck down.
H. L. RossierEven before vengeance is carried out, the Jews rejoice. Rest and perfect confidence are born in their hearts when He appears — the only One who can turn wrath away from the head of the people. In just this way, the appearance of Christ will put an end to the great tribulation, even before the final blow has been struck.
Not every writer treats this feast as the highest joy possible. One turns the scene on God's people today: real rescue and real gladness can still fall short of full blessing.
The Christian's FriendThrough grace and mercy they do sometimes have a feast and a good day. They do have answers to their prayers, special marks of God's favour, and striking help on their behalf. God may also use them greatly in leading others to turn to Him, as we read, "Many of the people of the land became Jews." But I press it: they are still short of their true, full blessing.
- Darkness first. The Jews held the sentence of death in themselves; the light of this verse shines out of the deepest despair.
- A word brings the light. The old decree still stood and the fatal day was still ahead. Only a written promise had changed — and they believed it and acted on it.
- Honour through a representative. Most had never seen the king. They counted as accepted because Mordecai stood accepted before him and came out crowned.
- Light spreads outward. Outsiders took their place with the very people who had been marked for death.
- A rehearsal of a greater day. Commentators see Israel's future gladness here, when Christ is recognised. One adds a caution: real gladness can still fall short of full blessing.
And in every province, and in every city, wherever the king's commandment and his decree came, the Jews had joy and gladness, a feast and a good day. And many among the peoples of the land became Jews; for the fear of the Jews had fallen upon them.
The second decree has gone out, and the news reaches every province. This verse records two effects: the Jews keep a holiday, and outsiders join them — not out of admiration, but out of fear.
The verse marks a complete reversal of everything the earlier chapters described. One writer sets the two scenes side by side:
Arno Clemens GaebeleinHow things had changed under God's merciful dealings with His people! When that first decree was issued Mordecai sat in sackcloth and ashes and all the Jews wept and wailed. But now came the second decree. Mordecai went out from the king's presence in royal clothing of blue, white and purple, the Persian colours... On his head he had a great crown of gold. There was great joy in the city of Shushan. The Jews had light, and gladness, and joy, and glory. Throughout the vast kingdom there was nothing but joy. Furthermore many people became Jews.
Why does a city rejoice when things go well for honest people? One writer points to conscience:
William KellyMen may resent a way of life whose quiet example condemns them. Even so, their conscience is forced to admit that the true-hearted are right. So when it goes well with the righteous, the city rejoices. Compare Esther 8:15-17.
The danger had not passed when the celebrating began. One writer asks why:
C E StuartWhat a change had been worked. Perplexity gave way to gladness; feasting took the place of fasting. Why? The thirteenth of Adar had not yet come. The first decree stood unrepealed. Why this change? The written word of that second decree had made all the difference. Relief had come; a way of escape from that dreadful doom was offered the Jews. They believed it, and they acted as if they believed it.
The same writer turns this on the reader. People believed the decree of Ahasuerus, the king in this story. How do they treat the word of God?
C E StuartThe written word in those days spoke to people. They heard it, they believed it, and it affected them according to what it said. Now God, not Ahasuerus, has spoken to all of us, and has announced a coming judgment... But what is man? He is more ready to believe the decree of Ahasuerus than the word of God.
The verse gives the reason outsiders joined: fear. Older translations say they "became Jews"; the ESV says they "declared themselves Jews." One writer names the motive:
H. L. RossierOne man alone, Mordecai, has been the instrument and organizer of this huge deliverance... But the terror of the Jews also falls on a great number of the peoples of the land, who become Jews to escape judgment.
One writer sees here a small picture of what the prophets promise for Israel's future:
J. G. BellettCertain separate features of the coming kingdom are also displayed here. The fear of the Jews falls on their enemies, on those around them, and they are held back from all attempts to harm them... Shushan was the capital of the Gentile world in that day, and it rejoices in the exaltation of the Jew. As all Scripture tells us, the whole world will rejoice under the shadow of the throne of Israel in the time of the coming kingdom. Many of the people of the land became Jews, as we read the same kind of thing in the prophets again and again.
One writer applies the scene to God's people ever since. He weighs how much a good day like this is worth:
The Christian's FriendThrough grace and mercy they do sometimes have a feast and a good day. They do have answers to their prayers, special marks of God's favour, and striking interventions on their behalf. They may also be much used in leading others to turn to God, as we read, "Many of the people of the land became Jews." But I press it: they are still short of their true, full blessing. They cannot worship as they should while away from the place where God has put His name.
- Word. The joy began with a written decree that people believed. No enemy had yet been fought, and the old sentence still stood.
- Reversal. Sackcloth became royal robes, and fasting became feasting. The whole city rejoiced.
- Reach. The news reached every province, and its effect crossed the nation's borders. Outsiders joined themselves to the Jews.
- Motive. Those outsiders joined to escape judgment. The verse names fear as the reason.
- Limit. It was a real good day, but not kept where God had put His name. Real mercy, still short of the full blessing.