Then king Nebuchadnezzar fell on his face and worshipped Daniel, and commanded that they should offer an oblation and sweet odours unto him.
Moments earlier the king had threatened to tear his wise men limb from limb. Now he lies flat on the ground in front of a young Jewish captive. What was he doing? And why did the honour stop at Daniel, instead of reaching the God who gave the dream?
The king's reaction was real. But it landed on the man in front of him, not on the God who spoke through him.
He became sharply aware that he stood in the presence of the supernatural. Here was a power he had found completely missing in the Chaldeans and his magicians. But, true to his pagan upbringing, he cared mainly about the man who displayed that power. He did admit that Daniel's God was "God of gods and Lord of kings." Yet he gave his worship to Daniel, not to the God in whose name he spoke. So we see here an illustration of Romans 1:25, where the heathen "worshiped and served the creature rather than the Creator, who is blessed forever! Amen."
Commentators differ on how far the king's act went. One weighs the words themselves and finds less than the worship of a god.
The king's own words prove that he did not take Daniel for a god. And Daniel refused any such blasphemy, just as Paul and Barnabas did… Nothing here looks like the sacrifice offered at Lystra. The word translated "oblation" is often and rightly used for "a present," whether the true God or a false one is in view. In the same way, bowing down and worshipping often expressed no more than ordinary respect.
(In the ESV, the older word "oblation" is "offering," and "sweet odours" is "incense.")
The king drew the right conclusion and then acted in a way that showed the truth had not gone deep.
The king could not escape this conclusion… Once Daniel told him his own secret, one conclusion was unavoidable: Daniel's God was above all gods. The confession was remarkable. It owned the supremacy of God in heaven and on earth, and it came close to owning that He knows everything. Yet far as it went, it seems to have touched neither Nebuchadnezzar's conscience nor his heart. Only his mind bowed to the evidence in front of him. It was the same with those in the days of our Lord who believed in His name when they saw the miracles He did (John 2:23).
Had more than his mind been engaged, his behaviour would have been different.
The fact that the king fell on his face and worshipped Daniel, and commanded that an offering be made to him, sufficiently shows that neither his heart nor his conscience had been reached. Heart and conscience at work would have enlightened the monarch as to what was suitable to God.
The king's later record shows how deep this moment went.
He paid Daniel special honour in Daniel 2. In Daniel 3 he ordered his subjects to honour the God of Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego. Neither lasted long. It was only a passing feeling, and like the morning cloud it faded from the king's mind.
The change of posture between the two chapters tells the story on its own.
Then he was on his face in the presence of Daniel, and to fall on one's face is to efface oneself, figuratively speaking. Now he is on his feet and so full of fury that his very face was transformed with savage resolution.
The king on the ground was the visible result of the way Daniel had lived.
And notice another result of Daniel's holy separation… Here is earth's proudest and most powerful king at the feet of a captive exile. What magnificent fruit of faithfulness! It is precious proof that God will always honour faith that rises, even a little, to the height of His thoughts… On that memorable day Daniel saw God's ancient promise come true in himself, as fully as it ever came true: "And all the peoples of the earth shall see that you are called by the name of the LORD, and they shall be afraid of you… And the LORD will make you the head and not the tail, and you shall only go up and not down." (Deuteronomy 28:10, 13)
The honour was public. Its source was not.
But where did Daniel get the power to reveal the king's secret? Verses 17 and 18 supply the lovely answer… Here we have a prayer meeting in Babylon. These dear men were of one heart and one mind… By the grace of God they had decided to walk the holy path of separation, even as captive exiles in Babylon. They met together to pray, and God answered them abundantly.
- Prayer first. The power that floored a king came from exiles praying together for mercy. That prayer meeting in Babylon is where this verse begins.
- Separation next. Earth's proudest king bowed at the feet of an exile who walked the holy path of separation. God honours faith that rises to the height of His thoughts.
- Misdirection. The king's worship stopped at the messenger instead of reaching the Creator. Romans 1:25 names that pattern.
- Words matter. "Worship" here can mean ordinary respect, and "oblation" can mean a present. The king's own words show he did not take Daniel for a god, and Daniel refused such honour, as Paul and Barnabas did.
- Mind is not heart. His confession was remarkable, but only his mind bowed to the evidence. The feeling faded like the morning cloud, as Daniel 3 shows.
The king answered Daniel and said, Of a truth it is that your God is the God of gods, and the Lord of kings, and a revealer of secrets, because thou wast able to reveal this secret.
Moments earlier this emperor had ordered the death of every wise man in his capital. Now he lies face down before a young Jewish captive, calling Daniel's God supreme over all gods and all kings — but what had he really come to believe?
Only one man in the room could judge whether Daniel was telling the truth.
There was no escape for the king from this conclusion. He alone had the dream, and so he alone could test Daniel's claim that God reveals secrets. When his secret was told back to him, the conclusion could not be resisted: Daniel's God was above all gods. The confession was remarkable. It admitted God's supremacy in heaven and on earth, and it amounted to saying that He knows everything.
The king calls Daniel's God "a revealer of mysteries." Scripture gives that word a precise sense:
These examples are enough to show what Scripture calls a "mystery." It may be a dream, a vision, a parable or a spoken prophecy. The key feature is this: what God communicates cannot be understood without a later communication from God that explains the first… A mystery is a secret thing, and it would stay secret if God did not reveal it.
The verse just before shows how the king reacted — and where his confession stopped.
The revelation left him sharply aware that he stood in the presence of the supernatural — a power he had found completely missing in his wise men and magicians. But true to his pagan upbringing, he was mainly concerned with the man in whom the power was shown. He did acknowledge that Daniel's God was "God of gods and Lord of kings." Yet he offered his worship to Daniel, and not to the God in whose name Daniel spoke. So here we see an example of what Romans 1:25 describes: pagans who "worshiped and served the creature rather than the Creator, who is blessed forever! Amen."
Another writer marks the gap between a convinced mind and a touched conscience:
Neither his heart nor his conscience had been reached. Heart and conscience at work would have shown the king what was suitable to God. But if the conscience is not reached, the mind of the king is at least convinced that God is supreme and all-knowing.
Everything hinges on one pronoun. The king can praise a God he has not yet made his own.
So he acknowledged Jehovah as greater than all other gods. But he was not yet ready to give Him his allegiance. He was Daniel's God — "your God." Nebuchadnezzar could not yet call Him "my God." The second step comes in Daniel 3, when the three Hebrews are rescued from the fiery furnace… There is progress there compared with chapter 2. He has come to respect Jehovah, and will not allow anyone to speak wrongly of Him, but still he does not know Him. He is "the God of Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego," but not yet the God of Nebuchadnezzar.
That slow progress has an end. God Himself finished what began here as a passing impression:
So in His mercy God subdued the proud heart of this mighty ruler. He humbled him before Himself, and made him confess His name to everyone in his vast empire. If a record of judgment, it is yet a story of unbounded grace.
The confession came from a king's mouth. One writer traces it back to how Daniel had lived long before:
And notice a further result of Daniel's holy separation. Here we have earth's proudest and most powerful monarch at the feet of the captive exile. Magnificent fruit of faithfulness! Precious evidence of a truth: God will always honour faith that rises, even a little, to the height of His thoughts!
- Separation — Daniel's holy separation came first. The king's confession is the fruit of one man's faithfulness.
- Mystery — A dream stays a riddle until God explains it. What Daniel handed the king came from God, not from a clever mind.
- Proof — Only Nebuchadnezzar knew the dream. When Daniel told it back to him, he could not argue: Daniel's God is supreme and knows everything.
- Partial — He praised a God he did not yet own. He said "your God," not "my God," and he worshipped the messenger instead of the Master.
- Persistence — God did not stop at a convinced mind. He kept working until the proud king confessed His name across the empire.
Then the king made Daniel great, and gave him many great gifts, and made him ruler over the whole province of Babylon, and chief of the governors over all the wise men of Babylon.
Daniel has just recalled and explained a dream that Babylon's wisest men could not even name. Now the king hands this exile power over them all — but why trust a foreign captive, and what will Daniel do with it?
Daniel's rise only makes sense against where he stood hours earlier, under sentence of death.
The sentence of death had gone out against them. In this way God rescued His servants and brought them out into the full light of day, working out His own purposes in testimony and blessing. They were captives from Judah. Now the king gives them the most prominent places in Babylon, raising them above all his courtiers and nobles in running public affairs.
The king's reason was practical, and a Pharaoh had already set the pattern.
Like Pharaoh, the king felt that "a man in whom the Spirit of God" was (Genesis 41:38) would be a valuable helper in government. So he promoted him to great honour. Daniel had neither sought nor asked anything for himself.
The chapter's honours trace back to choices Daniel made long before, when refusing the king's food cost him everything and gained him nothing visible.
And notice a further result of Daniel's holy separation. Here we have earth's proudest and most powerful monarch at the feet of the captive exile. Magnificent fruit of faithfulness! Precious evidence that God will always honour faith that can in any measure rise to the height of His thoughts... On this occasion Daniel knew God's ancient promise in his own person, as fully as anyone ever has: "And all the peoples of the earth shall see that you are called by the name of the LORD... And the LORD will make you the head and not the tail, and you shall only go up and not down" (Deut. 28:10, 13).
Commentators differ over the homage the king paid Daniel just before these honours. One reads it as the reflex of the king's upbringing.
True to his heathen upbringing, he cared most about the man the power worked through. He did admit that Daniel's God was "God of gods and Lord of kings." But he aimed his worship at Daniel, not at the God in whose name Daniel spoke.
Another writer takes up the offering the king ordered — older translations call it an "oblation." He denies that it made Daniel a god.
The king's own words show that he did not regard Daniel as a god. And Daniel certainly refused any such blasphemy, just as Paul and Barnabas did... The word translated "oblation" is often and rightly used for "a present," whether the gift is toward the true God or a false one. In the same way, bowing to the ground and worshipping often meant no more than civil respect.
The secret had been sought by four men together. When the reward came to one, it did not stop with him.
He himself is rewarded and lifted high, yet he does not forget those who were at the prayer meeting. He shares everything with them.
Daniel took these gifts. He did not take every honour offered him later.
Earlier, at the end of Daniel 2, Daniel had accepted the honours placed on him. Now he treated them with contempt. The meaning of the four fateful words had already sunk into his heart. He knew that God had rejected Belshazzar, and that his kingdom was about to crash in ruin. So the honours offered him were worthless.
- Separation first. The greatness in this verse grew out of Daniel's holy separation. Honour was the fruit of faithfulness, never its aim.
- Rescue next. God took men under sentence of death and set them above Babylon's nobles, in full daylight.
- Usefulness is why. Nebuchadnezzar promoted him for the same reason a Pharaoh once did: a man with God's Spirit in him is worth having in government.
- Shared, not hoarded. Daniel asked nothing for himself, then used his new position to lift those who had prayed with him.
- Held loosely. He took these gifts, but later refused Belshazzar's. A doomed kingdom's rewards were worth nothing to him.
And Daniel requested of the king, and he appointed Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed-nego over the administration of the province of Babylon. And Daniel was in the gate of the king.
Daniel has just interpreted a dream no one else could explain, and the king has made him ruler over the whole province of Babylon. The closing verse of the chapter shows what he did with that power, and where he chose to sit.
Daniel had asked nothing for himself. His first move is to ask for other people.
In the end, the king promotes Daniel to great honour. This faithful man has borne a witness for God before the king, and becomes a means of blessing both to the world and to his own companions. He had not sought or asked anything for himself. Yet now he is free to use his high position to ask for his companions.
The three men he names had prayed with him when a death sentence hung over them all.
Rewarded and exalted himself, he does not forget those who were at the prayer meeting. He shares everything with them.
The ESV says Daniel "remained at the king's court". Older translations read that he "sat in the gate of the king", and the gate was far more than a doorway in a wall.
Gates protected a city, but "in the gate" was also where people settled many important matters. When Boaz wanted the question about Ruth and the inheritance settled, he went up to the gate. He talked it through with a nearer relative, then closed the matter, and the elders witnessed it. Ruth 4:1-12... To "sit in the gate" was a place of honour: "they that sit in the gate speak against me." Ps. 69:12. It should have been the place of true judgement and justice, but was not always so... It was, at least at times, the king's chief place of audience.
Daniel's name points the same way — and so does the Christian's calling.
"Daniel" is said to mean judge of God — one who acts as judge in the name of God. Daniel was allowed to do exactly that, in a very marked way. This high honour was his: he "sat in the gate of the king". And the Christian, taught by God and trained to tell good from evil, will have the mind of Christ, and can help others into the mind of God as revealed in His written Word. In this way he too is allowed to judge for God, and becomes a "Daniel."
A death sentence had stood over these four men. This verse shows how far God turned that round.
So, when the sentence of death had gone out against them, God rescued His servants. Working out His own purposes in testimony and blessing, He brought them out into the full light of day. They were captives from Judah. Now they hold the most prominent places in Babylon, for the king raised them above all his courtiers and nobles in the running of public affairs. Daniel himself was higher still, for he "sat in the gate of the king."
But the honour did not outlive the king who gave it. Belshazzar, a later ruler in Nebuchadnezzar's line, is the proof.
This fact that Daniel was a stranger to Belshazzar speaks volumes. Whatever the pride and daring of the great Nebuchadnezzar, Daniel sat in the gate of the king. He was ruler over the whole province of Babylon, and chief of the governors over all the wise men. His degraded and degenerate descendant did not know Daniel.
Daniel received, then passed on. That habit explains why he prospered.
Daniel was a man of prayer and praise, and then, sharing everything he received with his brothers, he prospered (see also Dan. 6:28). Here is the secret of a prospering saint. Note this: if I have light, it is not for myself, it is for others. We are only vessels, and God puts the light in us. So whether it is the gospel or the truth about the Church, we are responsible to circulate it and pass it on. And I believe that if we do not use the truth you and I gather, and pass it round, it will soon rot away in our very souls. We become subjects of spiritual dry rot. Many of God's dear children are suffering from this disease. They acquire truth, but no one else benefits.
- Received — Daniel asked nothing for himself. The king gave him the rule over the whole province of Babylon.
- Shared — he used his new position to ask for the three men who had prayed with him.
- Seated — the gate of the king was the place of public business and judgment. It was the king's chief place of audience, and the higher post of the two.
- Reversed — God brought men under a death sentence out into the full light of day and set them above the king's own nobles.
- Passed on — light kept for yourself rots. God puts light in us so we can pass it round, and that sharing is the secret of a prospering believer.