whose coming is according to the working of Satan in all power and signs and wonders of falsehood,
Paul now turns from the lawless man himself to the power behind him. Two hard questions follow. Will his miracles be real or fake? And why will so many people believe them?
Something holds this evil down for now. One event will take that restraint away.
F. B. HoleThe Church will be caught up to heaven. The Holy Spirit will then no longer have a house on earth. The results will be very serious and very immediate. The lawlessness now held down will burst out in the lawless one. For a brief moment Satan's working will have full scope. Satan will inspire this coming lawless man, and he will show Satan's energy in every detail. Notice how sweeping the expressions are. Satan will support him with ALL power, even to signs and wonders of falsehood.
"Lying wonders" does not mean stage tricks. The marvels will really happen. They are called lying because they deceive people.
An Outline of Sound WordsThese powers and signs will not be the trickery of some man-made priest, or the sham healings of men. They will be terribly real. They are called "lying wonders" because they will deceive men. So Satan's supernatural power will come with the lawless one. Men forget that spiritual beings exist — "angels that excel in strength." Satan is a fallen angel, but his powers are immense, far beyond the powers of man.
The three terms are not repetition. Each names a different effect on the person watching.
W. W. FeredayHis doings are called "powers," because they are clearly beyond man. They are called "signs," because they carry meaning and teaching. They are called "wonders," because they are meant to attract attention and admiration. Among other marvels, he will be allowed to use the very miracle Elijah used on Mount Carmel. Elijah used it there to call Israel back to the Lord. Compare Revelation 13:13 with 1 Kings 18:24. This evil age is marked by unbelief in miracles. Even our Lord's miracles are doubted. How strange that it should end with a general and eager belief in them!
Paul's wording is not new. Peter used the same terms at Pentecost about Jesus of Nazareth. This man is a forgery of Christ, not just a rival.
William KellyThe Lord Jesus is the Son of God, and in Him all the fullness was pleased to dwell. The man of sin, the son of perdition, is the enemy's terrible counterpart. The picture would not be complete without the dark addition of the unseen power of evil at work in him. The Holy Spirit gives it here in a few forceful words, and falsehood marks the whole thing: "in all power and signs and wonders of falsehood." These are the very terms Peter used of the Messiah, with the unquestionable contrast of grace and truth: "a man attested to you by God with mighty works and wonders and signs" (Acts 2). How very solemn that this verse describes the anti-Messiah beforehand in such similar language!
If Satan can produce real marvels, a marvel on its own settles nothing. Test the message it backs against the word of God.
J. N. DarbySo reject at once any pretended miracle or apparent work of power that supports what is not the truth of the word. I may be unable to explain it: that changes nothing; it is not of God. He can only give testimony to the truth.
This test is not new. God warned Israel long ago about a sign that came true but led them away from Him.
W. W. FeredayEven miracles must not be taken as proof beyond question that those who perform them are sent by God. Deuteronomy 13:1-5 warns us about this. It supposes someone giving a sign or wonder that really came to pass, aiming to turn men away from their loyalty to the true God… So we must test miracles by where they lead before we accept them as tokens from God. And what keeps the soul safe? Paul's charge to the Ephesians in Acts 20:32: "I commend you to God and to the word of his grace, which is able to build you up and to give you the inheritance among all those who are sanctified."
This man is still future. The pattern still warns us now.
Greg QuailThe three things mentioned here — power and signs and wonders — are striking. They were the exact three things that proved the ministry of the Lord Jesus and His apostles when Christianity began. (See Acts 2:22; 6:8; Rom. 15:19; 2 Cor. 12:12; Heb. 2:4.) What men saw in truth at the beginning they will see in falsehood at the end of the Christian age. We live at that end now. Anything claiming to revive these things should warn anyone who wants to be faithful to Christ.
- Source. His coming runs on Satan's energy. Once the restraint goes, that energy has full scope — "all" power.
- Substance. The wonders are not tricks. They are the real strength of a fallen angel, and they are called lying because they deceive.
- Shape. Peter used these same three terms of Jesus in Acts 2:22, so this man is a forgery of Christ, not just an enemy.
- Standard. A real miracle is not the test of truth. Deuteronomy 13 tells us to judge the miracle by the message, not the message by the miracle.
- Safeguard. Your safeguard is the word of God's grace. A wonder you cannot explain changes nothing if it contradicts that word.
and in all deceit of unrighteousness to them that perish, because they have not received the love of the truth that they might be saved.
Paul has just described the coming of the lawless one in Satan's power. Here he names the people who fall for it, and the reason they fall. Everything turns on one phrase: they refused to love the truth.
The deception mirrors the work of Christ — in reverse, and on people heading the opposite way.
J. N. DarbyHis presence, too, is by the power of Satan. Just as Christ comes in truth of righteousness to those who are to be saved, so the man of sin comes in deceit of unrighteousness to those who are to be lost.
This is not about people who never had a chance to hear.
C. KnappWho are the ones who perish here? They are all who had the truth presented to them, but did not care about it. The truth of God is found in the Bible, and everyone in the Christian world can reach it. If people neglect to read or search it, or refuse to hear it preached, they are, as Peter says, "willingly ignorant."
Paul does not say they failed to know the truth, or to profess it. Older translations read "they received not the love of the truth."
H. H. SnellThis is a very striking expression — "they did not receive the love of the truth." It is a word for the heart and conscience. It does not say, "because they did not claim to be Christians," or "because they did not take the sacrament." It does not say, "because they did not know the way of salvation." No, God searches the heart. Whatever knowledge they had, whatever profession they made, they had no love of the truth, that they might be saved… Notice, it is "the truth" — not people's opinions, but God's word… The message of His gospel is the ministry of God's perfect love. And the soul that receives this wonderful love of God in Christ His Son "receives the truth in love."
If love of the truth was what they lacked, it is also what keeps a person safe.
C. H. MackintoshPeople will be deceived by the signs and lying wonders of that wicked one because they did not receive the love of the truth, that they might be saved. It is the love of the truth that keeps a person from error — however persuasive it is, however fascinating, however strongly backed by the powerful evidence of "great signs and wonders." It is not cleverness, brain power, mental grasp or wide learning. All of these are powerless before Satan's tricks and schemes. The greatest human mind must fall an easy prey to the tricks of the serpent.
God Himself then sends the delusion. Is that fair?
F. B. HoleThose who fall prey to all this deceit of unrighteousness are exactly the people who did not love the truth when they heard it. Not loving the truth, they did not believe it. Instead they took pleasure in unrighteousness. Now the deceit of unrighteousness captures them. They believe the lie, and they all fall under the judgment of God. Once God sent them the truth… Now God sends them a strong delusion… Is God unrighteous in doing this? Far from it. He is acting in righteousness of the strictest and most exact kind.
Can anyone still be saved after the Lord takes His people away? One writer answers straight from this verse.
Greg QuailWhere people "have not received the love of the truth that they might be saved", God will send a working of error. People often ask whether anyone "gets a second chance" after the rapture. The answer here is clear. No! Nothing is said here about those who have never heard the truth. But those who have heard it and have not received it get no second chance. God Himself steps in, so that they come to believe what is false.
Paul also gives the reason some are saved. The two reasons are not the same shape.
C. StanleyIf you, the reader, perish forever, then remember: it is because you did not receive the love of the truth. Yes, God is love, and you would not believe Him. You may ask: if I am saved, is that reason stated just as plainly? It is: "God has from the beginning chosen you to salvation through sanctification of the Spirit and belief of the truth." So all supposed merit is taken away from man.
- Love, first. What decides everything is not knowledge or profession. It is whether a person loves the truth — a word for the heart and conscience.
- Love refused. Those who perish here are not the unreached; they are those who had the truth within reach and cared nothing for it.
- Love replaced. Refuse the truth, and a lie takes its place. God Himself sends the delusion — strict justice, not cruelty.
- Love protects. Cleverness, learning and mental power are no defence against signs and wonders. Only love of the truth keeps a person safe.
- Love now. Those who heard and refused get no later chance. So today, not some future day, is the time to receive the truth.
And for this reason God sends to them a working of error, that they should believe what is false,
This verse says that God Himself sends the delusion. That raises three questions: who does it fall on, why is it just, and what is "the lie" they believe?
Some translations render the phrase as "a working of error." What kind of act is this, and where does it lead?
William KellyThe apostle then gives the moral reason for so stern a judgment. God's sending a working of error is judicial hardening. Satan follows with his deceptive miracles of power to drag all its followers down to ruin. It is divine retribution. They renounced the truth and salvation with it; they loved the lie. They must perish. Those God chooses in that day escape by His grace alone, as all His chosen do in any day.
The words "for this cause" point back to something that came first — they heard the truth and did not love it.
F. B. HoleNotice how just all God's dealings with men are. The people who fall prey to all this deceit of unrighteousness are exactly those who heard the truth and did not love it. Not loving the truth, they did not believe it; instead they had pleasure in unrighteousness. And now the deceit of unrighteousness captures them; they believe the lie, and they all fall under the judgment of God. Once God sent them the truth: men preached the gospel in their hearing "by the Holy Spirit sent from heaven" (1 Peter 1:12). Now God sends them a strong delusion.
Another writer answers anyone who calls this unfair:
C. H. MackintoshAt times God gives people what their hearts really want… If people will not have the truth when it is put before them, they will certainly have a lie. If they will not have Christ, they will have Satan; if they will not have heaven, they will have hell. Will the unbelieving mind find fault with this? Before it does, let it prove that everyone dealt with in this way has fully met their responsibilities.
Why is this God's own act, and not just Satan's? One writer answers by setting it beside faith:
The Christian's FriendAs faith in Christ is the free gift of God in grace, so will belief in Antichrist be His work in judgment. Those who resist the one must come under the other. They may resist God now, but they will not be allowed to resist Him then. He has said, "My Spirit shall not abide in man forever."
What they receive matches what they refused:
H. H. SnellGod sent His beloved Son, the faithful witness, and men rejected Him. So, in just retribution, they will receive a false witness. They refused the truth, so now they will believe a lie. They saw no beauty in the true Christ, so they will marvel at a false one… The fact is, that God has given His truth not to amuse the intellect, but to win the heart; not to exalt man, but for the glory of Christ. There is reason to fear that many still trifle with God's truth. They talk about it, raise questions about it, but do not receive it in the love of it.
One writer compares this judgment with the blindness that once fell on Israel:
The Bible TreasuryA more fearful delusion followed by a heavier judgment will come on Christendom, and for the same reason, because they will not hear. In the past time God called by judgment and by mercy. Now He calls by mercy alone; the message sent is God's love and free salvation… With Israel the wording is more negative (though just as fatal): their heart is made dull, so they will not turn and be healed. With Christendom it is more positive: not only are they unable to see the truth, they positively accept a lie.
Does anyone get a second chance later? One writer answers straight from the verse:
Greg QuailWhere men "refused to love the truth and so be saved", God will send a working of error. Many ask whether people "get a second chance" after the rapture. The clear answer is given here. No! Nothing here is said about those who have never heard the truth. But for anyone who has had it put before them and has not received it, there is no "second chance". God Himself will step in, so that they are conditioned to believe what is false.
That day is still ahead, and the appeal now is different:
W. TrotterUp to now God has sent them His message of strong comfort and richest grace, so that they all might be saved. But then — what a dreadful prospect for everyone who keeps refusing the gospel! … Now God is begging you to be saved. But if you make light of the invitations of His grace, you do not know how soon you may be allowed to fall under "strong delusion," which ends in complete ruin.
- Truth offered. God's first sending was the gospel, preached in the power of the Holy Spirit, so that men might be saved.
- Love refused. They heard the truth and did not love it. They took pleasure in unrighteousness instead.
- Delusion sent. Then comes judicial hardening. God gives people what their hearts already wanted, so this is retribution, not cruelty.
- Lie believed. They rejected the faithful Witness, so they receive a false one. Faith in Christ is God's gift in grace; belief in Antichrist is His work in judgment.
- Judgment sealed. This falls on those who had the gospel and would not have it. The warning stands while the invitation of grace is still open.
that all might be judged who have not believed the truth, but have found pleasure in unrighteousness.
This verse states the outcome of everything the chapter has just described. It raises two hard questions: what does "condemned" mean here, and is God unjust to send the delusion that comes just before it?
Some older translations use the word "damned" here. One writer says that word is wrong — but the outcome behind it is no lighter:
William Kelly"Damned" in the Authorised Version is a false rendering. But the result of being "judged" is damnation, because only unbelievers come into judgment. That is why the Psalmist pleads, "Enter not into judgment with your servant, for no one living is righteous before you." Salvation is by grace through faith. God has already pardoned the believer. He has also condemned sin in the flesh by Christ as a sacrifice for sin. So there is no condemnation for those who are in Christ Jesus.
The people in view are not those who never heard. They are people who once held the message and let it go:
The Bible TreasuryGod punishes them for not believing the gospel, which they must have known. He punishes them for not loving the truth, which could have saved them. They are not judged for ignorance, like people who never heard. They are apostates — judged for giving up what they once professed to accept as the truth. God's gospel leads to God's Christ; their gospel leads to antichrist... Truth that is not loved is sure to become distasteful and opposed.
The verse names two things: not believing, and taking pleasure in unrighteousness. One writer traces both back to something earlier — they heard the truth and did not love it.
F. B. HoleThose who will fall prey to all this deceit of unrighteousness are the very people who heard the truth and did not love it. They did not love it, so they did not believe it. Instead they had pleasure in unrighteousness. Now the deceit of unrighteousness captures them. They believe the lie, and they all fall under the judgment of God. Once God sent them the truth... Now God sends them a strong delusion. He does for them what He once had to do for rebellious Israel, when He "blinded their eyes and hardened their heart." Is God unrighteous in acting this way? On the contrary; He is acting in righteousness of the strictest and most exact kind.
One writer answers a common claim: that what a person believes is his own business:
Leslie M. GrantMen may say they have a right to believe what they please, but it is false. We have a right to believe only what is right. Those who refuse truth on purpose and choose falsehood are plainly the people who "have pleasure in unrighteousness." Grace may bear long with them, but the end must come in judgment.
The delusion of verse 11 and the sentence of this verse belong together. God's answer matches a choice people have already made — and the same writer shows why anyone escapes at all:
William KellyThe apostle then gives the moral reason for so stern a judgment... God's sending a working of error is judicial hardening. Satan follows with his deceiving marvels of power to drag down all his followers to ruin. It is divine retribution. They renounced the truth and salvation with it; they loved the lie. They must perish. The elect of that day escape solely by divine grace, as is true of all the elect in any day.
This verse describes people who already heard the truth. So writers use it to answer a common question: is there another chance later?
Greg QuailPeople often ask whether they "get a second chance" after the rapture. This gives the clear answer. No! Nothing here is said about those who have never heard the truth. But take any to whom it has been presented, and who have not received it. Not only will they "not get a second chance" — God Himself will step in, so that they are conditioned to believe what is false.
One writer turns it into a question for the reader today:
W. T. P. WolstonSuppose you have not believed God in the day of the Holy Spirit. Suppose you have not believed the gospel now, in the day when God is telling of His love... Then every possible influence and power under heaven, out of hell, and on the earth will be against you. Do you suppose you will believe the truth then? ... Far better to have the truth now. Christ is the truth.
- Love — the trail starts in the will, not the mind. They did not love the truth, so they never believed it.
- Refusal — they heard the truth and let it go. God judges them not for ignorance, but for giving up what they once professed.
- Retribution — the delusion God sends is judicial hardening. It answers a settled refusal exactly, and it is not cruelty.
- Judgment — "judged" is the better word, but the result is still condemnation. Only unbelievers come into judgment.
- Grace — anyone who escapes, escapes by grace alone. So the moment to receive the truth is now, not later.